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  3. There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as th

There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as th

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问题     There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system and the traditional system.
    In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shorts, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for as sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
    An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
    In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.
In the second paragraph, the word "real" in "real goods" could best be replaced by which of the following?
选项 A、High quality.
B、Concrete.
C、Utter.
D、Authentic.
答案B
解析 文中第二段第四句说：“在一个物物交换的经济中，real货物，例如汽车、短裤和比萨饼是彼此之间交换的。”在分析“real”一词在这里的含义时，我们可以根据紧跟在其后面的三个词，即汽车、短裤和比萨饼三个词前面都没有形容词修饰，可断定只有选项B“具体的”符合这三种物品的共同属性。当然，如果你认识“barter”一词为物物交换的意思，你马上就可判断出这里的“real”一词表示“具体的”，因为物物交换的必然是具体的物品。其他三个选项都与文章的内容有不符之处。选项A“高质量”，它做货物一词的修饰语会使句子发生逻辑矛盾，因为我们不能把汽车、短裤和比萨饼就当做高质量货物的代表；选项C“完全的”，修饰货物一词时语义不通；选项D“真实的、可信的”，它作为货物一词的修饰语也会使句子发生逻辑矛盾，道理与对选项A的解释一样。
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