首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
There is a common misconception that the single most important factor in science and development is the need for adequate fundin
There is a common misconception that the single most important factor in science and development is the need for adequate fundin
admin
2016-10-15
38
问题
There is a common misconception that the single most important factor in science and development is the need for adequate funding for relevant research. This type of thinking—sometimes described as the "science push" model of development—tends to focus on the proportion of a country’s gross national product spent on research and development.
But spending on research is part of
a broader picture
. An arguably larger role is played by government policies affecting the practical application of scientific knowledge. This usually involves embedding such knowledge in technological products and processes, what is widely described as "technology transfer".
Technology transfer has in the past often been
demonised
in many development policy circles as a process by which multinational corporations become rich at the expense of poor countries—selling them products they cannot afford and keeping them politically subservient by refusing to license technical know-how.
But as developing countries have become increasingly integrated into a single global economy, such thinking has changed.
For regions like East Asia or Latin America, effective technology transfer, tapping into the scientific and technical knowledge of not only researchers in the North, but increasingly their own, is now recognised as essential to economic growth and social prosperity.
One important theme to emerge is that technology transfer has become a complex business, with many different actors. But, just as important, is the fact that society’ s poorest sectors are often forgotten in technology transfer debates. Debates raised by the poverty gap between rich and poor countries are being replaced by concerns about the gap within developing countries themselves.
This should come as little surprise. In practice, the private sector tends to provide the most widely used channels for technology transfer. This is largely because the most effective mechanism for promoting rapid technology innovation is the market, with incentives for entrepreneurs and rewards, through patents, for inventors.
But governments still share substantial responsibility for making technology transfer work effectively and in the national interest. They must, for example, invest in the capital and intellectual infrastructure needed for smooth technology transfer. This includes investing in university-based research and training, to ensure that a country has the knowledge and skills it needs to not only acquire but also use new technologies.
Governments also need to regulate all transferred technologies—these should not just be useful, but socially acceptable as well. Governments must develop public institutions that can make such a judgement, either by adopting international criteria(on safety levels, for example)or by developing criteria of their own.
The author suggests that in order to make effective technology transfer, governments should______.
选项
A、invest more in the intellectual infrastructure
B、go to great lengths to offer extensive support
C、regulate all technologies available for transfer
D、adopt higher criteria to develop public institutions
答案
B
解析
根据第八段第一句“But governments still share substantial responsibility for makingtechnology transfer work effectively…”,B应为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/NmoZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Don’ttalk:yourcellphonemaybeeavesdropping.Thankstorecentdevelopmentsin"spyphone"software,ado-it-yourselfspook
Don’ttalk:yourcellphonemaybeeavesdropping.Thankstorecentdevelopmentsin"spyphone"software,ado-it-yourselfspook
Oneoftheleastappreciatedbutmostremarkabledevelopmentsofthepast60yearsistheextraordinarygrowthofAmericanagric
Shortlybeforehediedoflymphoma,thegreatwriterandphysicianLewisThomas,whosebooksturnedscienceintoawayofapprec
Shortlybeforehediedoflymphoma,thegreatwriterandphysicianLewisThomas,whosebooksturnedscienceintoawayofapprec
Organizationsandsocietiesrelyonfinesandrewardstoharnesspeople’sself-interestintheserviceofthecommongood.Thet
随机试题
患者男性,58岁。高血压10余年,间歇发作胸闷、胸痛2年,医生确诊为原发性高血压、冠心病。此次上厕所后,突然出现胸闷、气短,咳粉红色泡沫痰。查体:端坐体位,心率1lO次/分,双肺可闻及水泡音,双下肢无水肿。此次发病的诱因可能是
A.卡介苗B.乙型脑炎疫苗C.麻疹疫苗D.脊髓灰质炎疫苗E.百日咳一白喉一破伤风混合疫苗 在下列各年龄时,应进行的预防接种的初种制剂分别是初生时
消费者和生产者的信息完整是市场失灵的表现。()
序时平均数是指时间序列中的各项指标值。()
有堤防的河道、湖泊,其管理范围为两岸堤防之间的()和堤防及护堤地。
建设工程项目的信息管理的目的旨在通过有效的项目信息传输的组织和控制为()。
下列选项中关于我国对企业社会工作的需求表述错误的是()。
风筝是中国的一个发明,被赞誉为现代飞机的先驱。它为科学的发展和飞机的生产做出了贡献。
软件架构风格描述某一特定领域中的系统组织方式和惯用模式,反映了领域中众多系统所共有的(51)特征。对于语音识别、知识推理等问题复杂、解空间很大、求解过程不确定的这一类软件系统,通常会采用(52)架构风格。(51)
VisitorstoSt.PaulCathedralaresometimesastonishedastheywalkroundthespaceunderthearchtocomeupastatuewhichwo
最新回复
(
0
)