2. 外语
  3. •Look at the statements below and the comments on change management on the opposite page. •Which section(A，B，C or D)does each s

•Look at the statements below and the comments on change management on the opposite page. •Which section(A，B，C or D)does each s

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问题 •Look at the statements below and the comments on change management on the opposite page.
•Which section(A，B，C or D)does each statement 1-7 refer to?
•For each statement 1-7，mark one letter(A，B，C or D)．
•You will need to use some of these letters more than once．
   A．For over three decades，academics，managers，and consultants，realizing that transforming organizations is difficult，have analyzed the subject．They’ve sung the praises of leaders who communicate vision and walk the talk in order to make change efforts succeed．They’ve sanctified the importance of changing organizational culture and employees’attitudes．They’ve teased out the tensions between top-down transformation efforts and participatory approaches to change．Still，studies show that in most organizations，two out of three transformation initiatives fail．   
B．Each manager looks at an initiative from his or her viewpoint and，based on personal experience，focuses on different success factors．The experts，too，offer different perspectives．A recent search for books on ‘change and management’ turned up 6，153 titles，each with a distinct take on the topic. Those ideas have a lot to offer，but take together，they force companies to tackle many priorities simultaneously，which spreads resource sand skills thin.   
C．Someofthehardfactorsthataffectatransformationinitiativearethetimenecessarytocompleteit，the number of people required to execute it，and the financial results that intended actions are expected to achieve. The research shows that change projects fail to get off the ground when companies neglect the hard factors. That doesn’t mean that executives can ignore the soft elements；that would be a grave mistake. However. If companies don’t pay attention to the hard issues first，transformation programs will break down before the soft elements come into play.   
D．Companies assume that the longer an initiative carries on. The more likely it is to fail—the early impetus will peter out，windows of opportunity will close，objectives will be forgotten，key supporters will leave or lose their enthusiasm，and problems will accumulate. However，contrary to popular perception, along project that is reviewed frequently is more likely to succeed than a short project that isn’t reviewed frequently. Thus，the time between reviews is more critical for success than a project’s life span.  
the relationship between the duration of a project and the chances of winning the change
选项
答案D
解析 从D篇第一句的前半句“Companies assume that the longer an initiative carries on, the more likely it is to fail”可知有些人认为变革持续的时间越长就越可能失败；后半句“the early impetus will peter out, windows of opportunity will close, objectives will be forgotten, key supporterswill leave or lose their enthusiasm, and problems will accumulate. ”则进行了进一步的解释。但在“However”之后，与上所述完全相反的一种观点被提出来，“a long project that is reviewed frequently is more likely to succeed than a short project that isn’t reviewed frequently”，意思是，如果能对一个实施时间很长的变革计划在其进行中不断研究改进的话，该变革则更可能成功。可见，作者在D篇中对变革持续时间长短与成功可能性的关系做了介绍，因此，D为正确选项。  
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