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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributi

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributi

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问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children 【C1】______in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status【C5】______ as a rejection of middle-class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children disadvantaged families,【C6】______ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 【C8】______ to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______ lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home 【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17 】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act;【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【C9】
选项 A、affect
B、reduce
C、chock
D、reflect
答案A
解析 affect意为“影响”，符合句意。
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大学英语六级

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