2. 外语
  3. The word "brick" did not appear in the English language before the 15th century. Bricks 【C1】______ have been known in Britain be

The word "brick" did not appear in the English language before the 15th century. Bricks 【C1】______ have been known in Britain be

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问题    The word "brick" did not appear in the English language before the 15th century. Bricks 【C1】______ have been known in Britain before then, but they were not【C2】______ enough to be mentioned by any writer. We know that they were used in ancient Egypt, in India, and in the Roman【C3】______; they were used again in parts of Europe; but there is a strange【C4】______ in the history of brick-making which left Britain, at【C5】______, without bricks for building for several hundred years. When they did arrive in Britain, it was in a very【C6】______ way.
   In the 15th century, Britain’s wool trade was【C7】______ flourishing, and shiploads of wool were exported to other countries, among them, Germany and Holland. These ships would have had to return empty, 【C8】______ their captains were able to pick up a【C9】______ cargo, and no captain likes an empty ship. For【C10】______ thing, it is difficult to【C11】______ in stormy weather; for another thing, it is a great waste of space. So【C12】______ than return home with an empty ship, the captains would【C13】______ up with anything, and at about this time, somebody had the idea of loading the home-bound ships with【C14】______. These were already being used【C15】______ in Holland and Germany, where the brick-makers were anxious to sell their surplus【C16】______.
   These bricks must have been a godsend to the builders of London and southeast England. There was very【C17】______ building stone in that part of the country, and stocks of good building【C18】______ were running【C19】______. Bricks were first used for the big houses of rich people living in the countryside, and only later for town houses and 【C20】______ cottages.
【C15】
选项 A、exceptionally
B、exclusively
C、extensively
D、expressly
答案C
解析    本题考点为词义辨析。
   (1)句式分析。
   原句是一个带有定语从句的复杂句。代词These指前一句中的bricks。从定语从句可知，荷兰与德国的砖块过剩，制造商都急于将多余的砖块销售出去。而此句中already(早己)一词侧重表现时间，此处空格中所填的副词应该侧重表现使用的范围和程度，故此处应该填extensively。
   (2)句意判断。
   根据上下文，此句意为“砖块早已在荷兰和德国广泛使用”。
   【知识拓展】语法拓展：同形异义词。
   除了形近异义词，英语中还有一类词称为同形异义词。同形异义词的类型：①发音和拼写完全相同，但词义不同。e．g．scale／skeil／n．鱼鳞，天平，标度，攀登。(注意：同形异义词不一定全是多义词。)②发音相同，拼写和词义完全不同。e．g．／ven／：vain adj．徒劳的；vein n．静脉；vane n．风向标。③拼写相同，发音、词性和词义完全不同，e．g．tear n．眼泪；tear v.撕，撕破，拉掉。
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