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  3. People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists

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问题     People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again【C1】________that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by【C2】________: A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.
    A different and not mutually exclusive【C3】________holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one【C4】________by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives【C5】________, people will simply become lazy and depressed.【C6】________, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for【C7】________Americans. Also, some research suggests that the【C8】________for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting【C9】________poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many【C10】________the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.
    But it doesn’t【C11】________follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the【C12】________of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the【C13】________of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could【C14】________strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the【C15】________of work may be a bit overblown. "Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential," says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.
    These days, because leisure time is relatively【C16】________for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional【C17】________of their jobs. "When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel【C18】________," Danaher says, adding, "In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different" —perhaps different enough to throw himself【C19】________a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for【C20】________matters.
【C8】
选项 A、explanation
B、requirement
C、compensation
D、substitute
答案A
解析 本题考查名词辨析。本填空的名词位于一个宾语从句中，作从句的主语，本名词与介词for搭配，之后的句子信息为rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting________poorly-educated middle-aged people。分析到这里，考生应该注意到本句之前的文章信息是在探讨盖洛普的一项民意测验，即失业超过一年的美国人中有高达20％的人称感觉沮丧，这个比例是有工作的美国人的两倍，而本句又重复出现了“死亡率上升”“患精神疾病”等问题，同时句子给出了shortage of well-paid jobs(高薪水的工作短缺)，综合这些原文已知线索，本填空的答案是A项explanation(解释)，即shortage of well-paid jobs是对前述问题的说明和解释，这样才最为合理，句子意思也最为通畅。其他选项例如B项requirement(要求)、C项compensation(补偿)和D项substitute(替代)虽然从语法上都可以与介词for搭配，但shortage of well-paid jobs并不是requirement (要求)、compensation(补偿)或substitute(替代)，而只能是explanation(解释)，因此这三个选项予以排除。
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