2. 外语
  3. To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860’s to t

To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860’s to t

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问题     To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860’s to the mid-1880’s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half-dozen leaders in education provided tile personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among tile alumni(校友) and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive "Young Yale" movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. Tile graduates of Harvard College simultaneously rallied to relieve the college’s poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty.
    The old-style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel(保垒) of Harvard College, where Dr. Charles Eliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard, led tile progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first years of Dr. Eliot’s administration. They were the elevation(提高) and amplification(增加) of entrance requirement, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872-1873 and 1876-1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study after another was opened up -- science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philology, and international law.
According to the passage, the changes in higher education during the late 100’s were the result of ______.
选项 A、plans developed by conservatives and church leaders
B、efforts of interested individuals to redefine the educational system
C、the demands of social organizations seeking financial relief
D、rallies held by westerners
答案B
解析 这道题的答案事实上就隐含在第一段中。文章第一句就指出有三种原因促成了这场运动，下面紧接着对这三种原因做出解释。第一段第二句:The emergence of a half-dozen leaders in education provided the personal force．．．(教育界出现的半打领导人提供人力资源…)；an outcry for a fresher，more practical，and more advanced kind of instruction…(对更为新鲜、更为切实、更为先进的教育的需求)。B)实际上是对这些原因的一个综合性概括。提到conservatives是在第一段that overrode all conservative op position(无视保守派的反对)，提到church是在该段最后一句by throwing off church leadership(摆脱教会领导)，所以改革不可能是保守派和教会领导的结果；第一段中:The graduates of Harvard College simultaneously rallied to relieve the college’s poverty and demand new enterprise．(哈佛学院的毕业生们集体要求学院摆脱贫困，建立新的事业。)说明并不是社会组织需要钱，而是哈佛大学需要钱，组织起来的也不是西部人，而是哈佛人。
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大学英语四级

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