2. 考研
  3. Take a minute to familiarize yourself with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). 【F1】It’s a massive ocean curr

Take a minute to familiarize yourself with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). 【F1】It’s a massive ocean curr

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问题    Take a minute to familiarize yourself with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). 【F1】It’s a massive ocean current system that’s critical to the stability of our climate, as it moves a significant amount of heat from the Southern Hemisphere and the tropics up toward the North Atlantic, where that heat is released to the atmosphere. For Europe and North America, the AMOC helps regulate how seasons are experienced. But in a study published Friday in the journal Nature Communications, scientists at the University of South Florida (USF) used NASA data to conclude that Greenland’s rapidly melting ice sheet could be slowing down the AMOC, (according to a map of the surface currents (solid curves) and deep currents (dashed curves) that form a portion of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation). And that could be a problem.
   【F2】As the Greenland ice sheet melts and the meltwater runs off (and it’s running off much faster than previously thought according to the latest research), more and more cold freshwater is pushed into the Labrador Sea. The scientists used data from NASA’s gravity-sensing GRACE satellite mission to determine that freshwater is significantly "freshening" the North Atlantic Ocean. Freshwater is more buoyant than salt water, and the GRACE mission can detect that subtle difference in height—and therefore gravitational pull—of the more-buoyant water.
   【F3】The Greenland runoff, then, "has the potential to increase the buoyancy of surface waters and reduce formation of dense, deep water that helps drive the overturning circulation," explained Don Chambers, a professor of marine science at USF College and an author on the study, in a statement. That, in turn, could "weaken," or slow down, the AMOC. In other words, this ocean current could be knocked off-kilter. "The major effect of a slowing AMOC is expected to be cooler winters and summers around the North Atlantic, and small regional increases in sea level on the North American coast," Chambers said.
   【F4】On a global scale, however, the effects are much harder to understand—but could be more consequential. "The AMOC and Gulf Stream are part of a complex global ocean circulation system that is still not completely understood," Tom Dixon, another USF professor and author on the study, said. "【F5】If human activities are starting to impact this system, it is a worrying sign that the scale of human impacts on the climate system may be reaching a critical point."
【F1】
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答案这是一个对我们气候稳定非常重要的巨大洋流系统，因为它将大量的热能从南半球和热带地区输送到北大西洋，并在这里把热量释放到大气之中。
解析 ①此句为较复杂的主从复合句，句中包含两个定语从句和一个原因状语从句。主句带有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰主句中的表语ocean current system；句末的定语从句2补充说明逗号前的地点the North Atlantic。②主句中的定语从句，that既是引导词，又充当从句的主语，be critical to sth．为固定搭配，意为“对某事至关重要”。③第一个逗号后是由as连接的原因状语从句，其中from the Southern Hemisphere…the North Atlantic为介词短语作从句的地点状语，意为“从南半球和热带地区输送到北大西洋”。④where引导的定语从句2修饰先行词the North Atlantic，说明把热量释放到大气中的地点是北大西洋。句中包含一个被动结构：be+过去分词，be released to意为“被释放到……”。hemisphere意为“半球”；the tropics意为“热带地区”。
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