首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
admin
2012-07-17
60
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or ever to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to______.
选项
A、have the lights turned on
B、get the milk
C、please their parents
D、be praised
答案
A
解析
本题仍是一道具体细节题。问帕剖赛克的实验中婴儿学做摇头的动作是为了干什么。利用查阅式阅读法,根据第三段后半部分内容,如果他们左右摆头能点亮显示灯,他们不仅能学会左右摆头,而且还能学会相当复杂的摆头方式,如向一边连续摆两次或三次,只要这种摆头动作能点亮显示灯。因此,本题的正确答案应是A“婴儿学会做摇头的动作是为了开灯”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/OIXO777K
0
在职攻硕英语联考
相关试题推荐
Sociologistsusethetermpowertorefertothecapacityofpeopleorgroupstocontrolorinfluencetheactionsofothers,whet
Theamazingsuccessofhumansasa【C1】______istheresultoftheevolutionarydevelopmentofourbrainswhichhasled,amongoth
Frequentlysingle-parentchildren______someofthefunctionsthattheabsentadultinthehousewouldhaveserved.
Aperson’shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomh
Aperson’shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomh
Aperson’shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomh
Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewan
Studieshaveprovedthatsmartpeopletendtobesmartacrossdifferentkindsof
Ihavesuggestedthatself-actualizerscanbedefinedaspeoplewhoarenolongermotivatedbytheneedsforsafety,belongingne
It’sdifficulttobegreatwithoutbeing______:adoctorshouldneverbelittleapatient’sconcerns,regardlessofhowtrivial
随机试题
在Windows默认情况下,按组合键______可以实现各种输入法的切换。
浅Ⅱ度烧伤创面的特点是
急性炎症早期局部浸润的炎细胞主要是
胃寒证的临床表现有
罪刑相当原则
国务院要求建立统一规范的公共资源交易平台,不需要整合规范()交易平台。
某机械厂机加工车间长期从事传动轴的切削加工。最近,为了进一步提高加工质量,车间自发成立了QC小组,在确定课题后,对不同设备和班次的产品进行轴的重量和外径尺寸的波动调查。该小组为了整理大家提出的多种问题的原因使用了()。
假释犯周某自5年前被判刑到监狱服刑后,开始与家人慢慢疏远。5年间,由于周某认真遵守监规、接受教育改造,被提前一年假释。但是,假释后的周某没有工作、没有收入、亲情疏离。对于周某,社区矫正工作的重点应该是()。
Despiteyourbestintentionsandefforts,itis【B1】______:Atsomepointinyourlife,youwillbewrong.【B2】_______canbehar
Toseeifhaircoloraffectsaperson’schancesofgettingajob,researchersatCaliforniaStateUniversityasked136colleges
最新回复
(
0
)