首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families
admin
2010-03-25
28
问题
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new Way of life.
Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.
In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzaia, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission.
Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.
Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Province, in France. Provinces had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.
In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the dally life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name. Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of banning or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest.
Etiquette as an art of gracious living is quoted as a feature of which country?
选项
A、Egypt
B、18th century France
C、Renaissance Italy
D、England
答案
C
解析
推断题。从文中第五段可知Provence是把礼节作为一种特色。在第六段第一行可知文艺复兴时期的意大利也是这样。因此可知C项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/OLqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
PostershavebeenputupalloverJakarta,(1)Indonesianstomakeasuccessofthepeople’sconsultativeassembly.But(2),th
A、StudentsfromAmerica.B、StudentsfromEngland.C、StudentsfromAustralia.D、StudentsfromJapan.A
Howeverattractivethefiguresmaylookonpaper,inthelongrunthesuccessorfailureofamergerdependsonthehumanfactor
A、Non-universityinstitutions.B、Non-degreeprogrammes.C、RecreationalCentres.D、SpecialistcollegesA
MillionsoftouristscometoSiemReap,CambodiaeveryyeartovisittheancientruinsofAngkorWat,aninfluxthathashelped
A、Whatchildrencandotogetrewards.B、Howchildrenlearnsocialbehaviors.C、Whyitisimportanttohaveachildinafamily.
A、Over210million.B、Lessthan200million.C、Around40million.D、140million.A
A、Aguestkitchen.B、AlobbywithTV.C、Balconyandbathroom.D、Telephoneandfaxfacilities.C
Scholarandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravelers.Theofficialcasefor"academicmobility"isnowoftenstatedinimpressi
A、Kitchen.B、Deep-freezer.C、Mobilityunits.D、CakemixerA
随机试题
某部门举行年会抽奖活动。抽奖箱里有80个抽奖券,共20个不同的数字,每个数字均出现4次,且分别对应一份礼品,不同的数字对应的礼品不同。每人当天限抽1次。那么最少多少人当天参加抽奖活动,才能保证至少有3人领取的礼品相同?
面积注水的油田最显著的特点是采油井()处在注水受效的第一线上。
GH分泌过多的患者可出现
下列哪项被确定为我国卫生立法的重要原则和卫生工作的根本方针
下列关于人民币的法定管理部门的叙述中,有误的一项是()。
维吾尔族从产生之时就信仰伊斯兰教,回族是后来才皈依伊斯兰教的。()
下列选项中,具有曲线美的构图方式是()。
2011年上半年,天津市新批三资企业328家,比上年同期下降3.8%;合同外资额90.35亿美元,增长10.0%;实际使用外资72.34亿美元,增长22.3%。其中,新批合同外资1000万美元以上项目89个;合同外资79.4亿美元,增长7.2%,占全市合同
窗体上有一个名称为Command1的命令按钮,其单击事件过程如下:OptionBase1PrivateSubCommand1_Click()Dima(4,4)AsIntegerFori=1To4
_________hecomelate,givehimthemessage.
最新回复
(
0
)