首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
highly subjective way
highly subjective way
admin
2016-11-25
73
问题
Imagine you are a high school principal. A teacher bursts breathlessly into your office. "There’s a fist fight in the dining-room, "she gasps. The responsibility is yours to stop the fight. How do you meet it?
(1) Perhaps you, as a youngster, took part in fights and your present-day ties with students are warm and strong. You can stop the fight because your prestige is high among them.
(2) You have a plan prepared. Other schools have been disrupted so you have already planned a way to stop any fight.
(3) You are totally confident of your ability in a crisis. You are ready to stride into the lunchroom and take charge without a single qualm. Stopping the fight will be easy.
(4) You fervently wish that you could delegate the job since you know that you’re not a talented peacemaker. You wish you could return to the job of planning for the school’s need ten years hence.
One of these four reactions would be the first you’d feel, but only one—not two or three of them, say three psychologists. These psychologists—Dr. Harriet Mann, Dr. Humphrey Osmond and Miriam Siegler—have come up with a scheme for sorting people regardless of their education, age or situation.
The concept is based on the premise that all people have a basic way of seeing time. Each of us is predisposed to see all events from time vantage point. Either it reminds you of the past (past-oriented) , how the event fits into today, yesterday, and tomorrow (time line) , what it is today ( present) , or how it will develop (future).
The three began working in 1968 when Dr. Mann and Mrs. Siegler were assistants to Dr. Osmond, director, at the Bureau of Research, New Jersey Neuro-Psychiatric Institute in Princeton. Dr. Osmond is currently devising ways to make empirical studies of the theory and Dr. Mann is in Cambridge , Massachusetts, writing a book on the Worlds of Time. Their take-off point was an interest in observations made by Swiss psychologist Carl Gustay Jung, who described in the 1920s the temperamental differences of four psychological types. Jung is known as the founder of analytic psychology. Since Jung’s work in 1921, however, no one had conceived of a theoretical framework that would account for the four types. Without such a framework, there was no possibility of substantiating that people of different types experience the world very differently.
Time and space are the touchstones in the system. Each person, after all, uses his time somehow and exists within and acts upon the space around him. Dr. Mann, and company propose that certain traits are shared by persons falling in each of the four categories.
The first type, the past type, sees time as being circular. For him, the past crops up in the present and then returns to the past as a memory. He enjoys collecting souvenirs and keeping diaries. He tells stories about Great Aunt Hattie and always remembers your birthday.
Past types are pegged by this system as emotional people who see the world in a highly subjective way. For instance, School Principal I (past type) could identify with the fight and know how to handle it because of some past experience—whether it be similar fights as a child himself or ones previously dealt with as the school principal. In addition, past types usually follow strict moral codes and often are valued more for what they are than for what they do. This quality itself—because it lends authoritarian strength to one who possesses it—might cause the students to quit fighting. Past types often have been found to be skillful at assessing the exact emotional tenor of an event and are adept at influencing others’ emotions, according to the Mann group.
Research reveals that many past-oriented people are flexible in early years when they do not have much of a personal past to draw upon. However, the dash of youth is often replaced by a need for stability and usually is rooted by age thirty-five or so. From this age onward, they are
conservatives.
"They need to see things in the ways which were popular, fashionable and appropriate in their youth days, " explains Dr. Mann. This applies, with exceptions of course, to personal taste in clothing fashions, music appreciation, and other social and environmental factors. In short, the past type often clings to the well-established way with nostalgic fervor. Also, the past type finds it difficult to be punctual since the on-going feeling is more important than his next task.
The goal of these people is to " develop a language of the heart, rather than of the mind. To develop those techniques which make memories live, and to dignify any act of remembrance; those are the essential concerns of past-oriented types, "explain the authors in Journal of Analytical Psychology.
选项
答案
highly subjective way
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/OQWd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Thewomanwasworryingabouther______.
Thewomanwasworryingabouther______.
HowmanypeopledoesVeraMullerbookroomsfor?
Themakingofclassificationsbyliteraryhistorianscanbeasomewhatriskyenterprise.WhenBlackpoetsarediscussedseparate
Almostdaily,thegulfbetweeneducationandemploymentwidens.Careersofficerscomplain(31)asystemthatpresentsthemwith
Whatisthemaintopicofthislecture?
Whatisthemaintopicofthislecture?
Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsis(31);inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowisthatm
Insuranceissupposedtoprovideprotectionagainstfinancialrisks,andwhiledyingtoosoonisonemajorriskweface,another
highlysubjectiveway
随机试题
行政机关主持,以国家政策为法律依据,以自愿为原则,通过说服教育,促使双方当事人友好协商,互谅互让,达成协议,消除争议纠纷的诉讼外和解活动,称为()。
釉质龋中的透明层主要是发生了
A.疫苗生产企业B.药品零售企业C.省级疾病预防控制机构D.设区的市级疾病预防控制机构E.国家疾病预防控制机构根据《疫苗流通和预防接种管理条例》可以向指定的疾病预防控制机构供应第一类疫苗的是
(2007年)紊流粗糙区的沿程阻力系数与()有关。
权益乘数的高低取决于企业的资本结构;资产负债率越高,权益乘数越高,财务风险越大。()
德育的过程具有多端性。()
1,3,7,15,31,()。
在简单商品经济中,经济危机就具有可能性,但没有现实性,因为()。
2015年1月6日,日本外交学者网站刊登了一篇标题为“习近平主席的力量来自哪里”的文章,对习近平主席的治国之道作出评价。该文章认为习近平主席自执政以来一直反复强调“梦想”,并将治国理念与认可中国百姓的理想、追求和梦想相结合,将“个人梦想”融入整体“中国梦”
CastroattendedaCatholicCathedralservice______.
最新回复
(
0
)