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  3. Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return7 Since OPEC agreed to supply cuts in March, the price of crude oil

Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return7 Since OPEC agreed to supply cuts in March, the price of crude oil

admin2010-07-06  34
问题     Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return7 Since OPEC agreed to supply cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled , and 1979 - 1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
     The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
     Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries, the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.
     Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy intensive industries have reduced oil consumption.  Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP( in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25 % -0.5 % of GDP. That is less than one quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil importing emerging economies -- to which heavy industry has shifted -- have become more energy intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
     One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70% and in 1979 by almost 30%.
It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ______.
选项 A、price of crude rises
B、commodity prices rise
C、consumption rises
D、oil taxes rise
答案D
解析 文章第三段指出，原油价格只占汽油零售价格的一小部分，其大部分 (在欧洲高达4/5)是税收，因此原油价格的波动对汽油价格影响不大。由此可知，影响汽油价格的主要因素是税收。D选项为正确答案。A选项错误；B选项是前两次石油涨价产生的结果(第一段第四句)；而C选项文中未提及。
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