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The collaboration among scientists, universities and industry is not new. Both the university administration and the industry pl

admin2013-03-27  60
问题     The collaboration among scientists, universities and industry is not new. Both the university administration and the industry play a role in developing the scientific knowledge in the academic environment. The university is usually responsible for obtaining patents and for licensing the rights for its professors’ inventions. The company, having licensed the product, must provide the considerable financial backing required for its development and marketing.
    In the best of all possible worlds, the inventors, the university administrators and the company executives work as a well-oiled machine that creates a beneficial product and generates capital to support the academic lab, the scientist, the university and the company’s shareholders. In the real world, however, each of these component parts has its own agenda. The goal may not entirely overlap.
    When a university stands to gain financially from the commercialization of one of its professors’ inventions, for example, the professor may hesitate, out of conflict-of-interest issues, to participate in the trials of the new product. Such a policy causes friction and frustration in the relationship between the university administration and the faculty members.
    Universities themselves have faced the frustration of licensing their inventions to companies that have then sublicensed them to other firms for enormous fees. Because these "fees" can be disguised by a variety of accounting procedures, there is no way for the university or the inventor to participate in the profits of the sublicensing agreement. Thus, unless the invention becomes a product, the profits made by the company are not shared by the university or the inventor.
    Meanwhile it is the company who writes the checks. Of the three parties involved, it compromises the least. As a rule, the company shows more concern over new ideas and new products which can be used to benefit itself and the public good as well.
    So the scientist, the university and the industry find themselves on a three-way street where ideas from the academic laboratory move into the realm of application. Because the use of this highway has increased dramatically in recent years, traffic jams and collisions have been unavoidable. And, increasingly, basic research is diverted from its path. Inevitably, such sidetracking will slow the movement of basic science discoveries into technical products.
    Preventing this slowdown requires some new rules of the road. Increased government funding for research is necessary to restore order by redirecting lab efforts back toward basic research—the well spring of all applied technologies.
    The scientist and the university must cease regarding companies as money-providers with deep pockets and learn from the business world how economic realities are integrated into idealistic goals. And the company’s attitude that "the scientist has done the easy work" has to give way to adapting to a more inclusive approach that permits participation by the scientist and the university in deciding on the best road to development. Without these accommodations on all sides, the flow of idea into products will be slowed, and all parties, including society at large, will suffer from the gridlock.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the text?
选项 A、Industry should not function as a money-provider.
B、Scientists, universities and industry should change their mutual attitudes.
C、Scientists and companies should take more active attitude toward creation of new ideas.
D、Universities should motivate scientists to produce more inventions.
答案B
解析 根据文中最后一段的“The scientist and the university must cease regardingcompanies as money--providers．．．deciding on。the best road to development．”可知，科学家和大学必须摒弃将公司视为雄厚资金的提供者的想法，从商界学习现实中的经济是如何与理想的目标结合在一起的。公司应放弃那种“科学家完成的工作很容易”的态度，采取一种更具包容性的做法，即允许科学家和大学都来参与决定发展的最佳道路。据此从文中得出的结论是“科学家、大学和企业应该改变他们相互的态度”，B项正确。
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