首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The Buddhist religion developed from the teachings of Shakyamuni Buddha, who lived from about 563 to 483 BCE in the present-day
The Buddhist religion developed from the teachings of Shakyamuni Buddha, who lived from about 563 to 483 BCE in the present-day
admin
2019-08-27
69
问题
The Buddhist religion developed from the teachings of Shakyamuni Buddha, who lived from about 563 to 483 BCE in the present-day regions of Nepal and central India. At his birth, it is believed, seers foretold that the infant prince, named Siddhartha Gautama, would become either a chakravartin — a "world-conquering ruler" — or a Buddha — a "fully enlightened being". Hoping for a ruler like himself, Siddhartha’s father tried to surround his son with pleasure and shield him from pain. Yet the prince was eventually exposed to the suffering of old age, sickness, and death— the inevitable fate of all mortal beings. Deeply troubled by the human condition, Siddhartha at age twenty-nine left the palace, his family, and his inheritance to live as an ascetic in the wilderness. After six years of meditation, he attained complete enlightenment near Bodhgaya, India.
Following his enlightenment, the Buddha (Enlightenment One) gave his first teaching in the Deer Park at Saranath. Here he expounded the Four Noble Truths, which are the foundation of Buddhism: (1) life is suffering; (2) this suffering has a cause, which is ignorance; (3) this ignorance can be overcome and extinguished; (4) the way to overcome this ignorance is by following the eightfold path of right view, right resolve, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration. After the Buddha’s death at the age of eighty, his many disciples developed his teachings and established the world’s oldest monastic institutions.
A Buddha is not a god but rather one who sees the ultimate nature of the world and is therefore no longer subject to samsara, the cycle of birth, death and rebirth that otherwise holds us in its grip, whether we are born into the world of the gods, humans, animals, tortured spirits, or hell beings.
The early form of Buddhism known as Theravada or Hinayana, stresses self-cultivation for the purpose of attaining nirvana, which is the extinction of samsara for oneself. Theravada Buddhism has continued in south India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia. Within 500 years of the Buddha’s death, another form of Buddhism, known as Mahayana, became popular mainly in northern India; it eventually flourished in China (as Chan and Vajrayana), and in Korea, Japan (as Zen). Compassion for all beings is the foundation of Mahayana Buddhism, whose goal is not nirvana for oneself but Buddhahood (Enlightenment) for every being throughout the universe. Mahayana Buddhism recognizes Buddhas other than Shakyamuni from the past, present, and future. One such is Maitreya, the next Buddha to appear on Earth. Another is the Amitabha Buddha, the Buddha of Infinite Light and Infinite Life (that is, incorporating all space and time), who dwells in paradise known as the Western Pure Land. Amitabha Buddha became particularly popular in East Asia. Mahayana Buddhism also developed the category of bodhisattvas (those whose essence is wisdom), saintly beings who are on the brink of achieving Buddhahood but have vowed to help others achieve Buddhahood before crossing over themselves.
In art, bodhisattvas and Buddhas are most clearly distinguished by their clothing and adornments: bodhisattvas wear the princely garb of India, while Buddhas wear monks’ robes. In Hinduism, a deity may dwell in its image, but in Buddhism portrayals of Buddhas and bodhisattvas are recognized as purely symbolic, and no spirit is believed to reside within.
Which type of Buddhism developed the category of bodhisattva, and how are bodhisattvas distinguished from Buddhas in artistic representations?
选项
A、Mahayana Buddhism, and they are dressed like Indian princes.
B、Vajrayana Buddhism, and they are distinguished by the yellow hats and saffron robes they wear.
C、Chan Buddhism, and they can be identified in art by the robes that cover their bodies.
D、Theravada Buddhism, and they are identified by the princely garb of India that they wear.
答案
A
解析
根据第四段中的“Mahayana Buddhism also developed the category of bodhisattvas”可知,大乘佛教还发展了菩萨的范畴。再根据最后一段中的“In art,bodhisattvas and Buddhas are most clearly distinguished by their clothing and adornments:bodhisattvas wear the princely garb of India,while Buddhas wear monks’robes.”可知,在艺术上,菩萨和佛陀最明显的区别是他们的服饰:菩萨穿印度王子的服饰,而佛陀穿僧袍。据此可知,A项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/OdUO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Hardy’sweakness______hisapparentinabilitytocontrolthecomingsandgoingsofthesedivergentimpulsesandfromhisunwillin
An"obviousandstrikingfeatureofthelatetwentiethcenturyworld,"notesSallyPriceinherbookPrimitiveArtinCivilized
Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswhere
Scienceisanenterpriseconcernedwithgaininginformationaboutcausality,ortherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect.Asim
Theswimmingpoolisthechildren’sfavorite______inthesummer.
Findingsfromseveralstudiesoncorporatemergersandacquisitionsduringthe1970sand1980sraisequestionsaboutwhyfirmsi
Ithaslongbeenatenetofbusinesstheorythatthebestdecisionsaremadeaftercarefulreviewandconsideration.Onlyafter
Lawsofcompulsiveschoolingfunnelchildrenintoschoolataprescribedageirrespectiveofwhethertheyareready.Manypa
Atthemeeting,Smithargued______infavoroftheproposal.
Massproductionis______onlyinaneconomywithahighlydevelopedtechnology.
随机试题
燃油表由装在仪表板上的_______和装在燃油箱内的_______组成,两者用导线相连。燃油表用来指示汽车油箱的_______,有_______式和_______式两类,传感器采用_______式。
急性肠梗阻患者采取非手术治疗时,正确的措施为
高血压患者应进行全面的临床评估,评估的目的是
痛经逐渐加重的原因,最可能的是( )。本例确诊后的处置应选择( )。
所有软件的核心是()。
根据票据法律制度的规定,下列有关汇票出票人记载事项的表述中,可以导致票据无效的有()
某股份有限公司为商品流通企业,发出存货采用加权平均法结转成本,按单项存货计提存货跌价准备;存货跌价准备在结转成本时结转。该公司2002年年初存货的账面余额中包含甲产品1200件,其实际成本为360万元,已计提的存货跌价准备为30万元。2002年该公司未发生
制定采购预算方案时要注意(.)
你正面临是否购买某种奖券的决策。你知道每张奖券的售价及该期共发行奖券的总数、奖项和相应的奖金额。在这样的情况下,该决策属于哪种类型?加入何种信息以后该决策将变成一个风险型决策?()
African-Americanfilmmakersshouldbeinanenviableposition,forsincetheearly1990stherehasbeenasteadywaveof
最新回复
(
0
)