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  3. We are all familiar with the phrase "monkey see, monkey do"—but have we actually thought about what it means? Over the last two

We are all familiar with the phrase "monkey see, monkey do"—but have we actually thought about what it means? Over the last two

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问题     We are all familiar with the phrase "monkey see, monkey do"—but have we actually thought about what it means? Over the last two decades, neuroscience research has been investigating whether this popular saying has a real basis in human behaviour.
    Over twenty years ago, a team of scientists, led by Giacomo Rizzolatti at the University of Parma, discovered special brain cells, called mirror neurons, in monkeys. These cells appeared to be activated both when the monkey did something itself and when the monkey simply watched another monkey do the same thing.
    The function of such mirror neurons in humans has since become a hot topic. In the latest issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, a team of distinguished researchers debate whether the mirror neuron system is involved in such diverse processes as understanding speech, understanding the meaning of other people’s actions, and understanding other people’s minds.
    The mirror neuron system probably plays some role in how we understand other people’s speech, but it’s likely that this role is much smaller than has been previously claimed. In fact, the role is small enough that it’s unlikely that mirror neurons would be causal factors in our ability to understand speech. Mirror neuron-related processes may only contribute to understanding what another person is trying to say if the room is very noisy or there are other complications to normal speech perception conditions.
    Mirror neurons are believed to play a critical role in how and why we understand other people’s actions. There are many physical actions, like Tiger Woods’ golf swing, that we ourselves can’t do, but we understand those actions anyway. However, contrary to what some mirror neuron proponents have suggested, doing isn’t required for understanding. In fact, neuro-imaging data reviewed in this article demonstrate that the actions we ourselves have the most experience doing—the actions we are best at doing and understand best—actually show less mirror neuron activity. Such findings suggest a need to reappraise the role of mirror neurons in guiding how we understand actions.
    One of the most powerful roles suggested for the mirror neuron system in humans is that of understanding not just other people’s physical actions or speech, but their minds and their intentions. It has been suggested that some persons, such as persons with autism, have difficulty understanding other people’s minds and, therefore, might lack mirror neurons. However, numerous research studies reviewed in this article consistently show that persons with autism are highly capable of understanding the intentions of other people’s actions, suggesting that our intuitions about persons with autism and mirror neurons needs to be revised.
Which of the following is true about mirror neurons?
选项 A、They are equally important in understanding others’ speech and actions.
B、They can be easily activated regardless of conditions.
C、They show less activities when exposed to familiar actions.
D、They can’t activate actions that we don’t understand.
答案C
解析 事实细节题。第五段第四句提到，对于我们经常做的行为和比较擅长的行为，镜像神经元的活动反而较少，故[C]符合文意。第四段第一句提到，镜像神经元细胞在理解他人言语方面发挥的作用微乎其微，而第六段第一句提到它在理解他人的肢体行为和思想意图方面发挥的作用最大，可见[A]与文意相悖；第四段第三句提到镜像神经元细胞在理解他人言语上的作用不大，只有当房间比较嘈杂或有其他困难时，镜像神经元相关的过程才会被激活，可见，镜像神经元是否被激活是有条件的，故[B]与文意相悖；第五段第三句提到有些动作我们可以理解，但不一定非要做到，故[D]不符合文意。
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