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  3. After millennia of growth which was so slow that each generation hardly noticed it, the cities are suddenly racing off in every

After millennia of growth which was so slow that each generation hardly noticed it, the cities are suddenly racing off in every

admin2012-01-19  34
问题     After millennia of growth which was so slow that each generation hardly noticed it, the cities are suddenly racing off in every direction. The world population goes up by two percent a year, city population goes up by four percent a year, but in big cities the rate may be as much as five and six percent a year. (61) To give only one example of almost visible acceleration. Athens today grows by three dwellings and 100 square meters of road every hour. There is no reason to believe that this pace will slacken. (62) As technology gradually swallows up all forms of work, industrial and agricultural, the rural areas are going to shrink, just as they have shrunk in Britain, and the vast majority of their people will move into the city. In fact, in Britain now only about four or five percent of people live in rural areas and depend upon them; all through the developing world the vanguard of the rural exodus has reached the urban fringes already, and there they huddle in shanty towns. We are heading towards an urban world.
    (63) This enormous increase will go ahead whatever we do, and we have to remember that the new cities devour space. People now acquire far more goods and things. (64) There is a greater density of household goods, they demand more services such as sewage and drainage. Above all, the car changes everything: rising incomes and rising populations can make urban car density increase by something like four and five percent in a decade; traffic flows rise to fill whatever scale of highways are provided for them. The car also has a curious ambivalence: it creates and then it destroys mobility. The car tempts people further out and then gives them the appalling problem of getting back. It makes them believe they can spend Sunday in Brighton, but makes it impossible for them to return before, say, two in the morning. (65) People go further and further away to reach open air and countryside which continuously recedes from them, and just as their working weeks decline and they begin to have more time for leisure, they find they cannot get to the open spaces or the recreation or the beaches which they now have the time to enjoy.
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答案不管我们做什么都阻止不了城市的迅速扩张，但我们不要忘了新建的城镇也会大量地吞食土地。
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