2. 外语
  3. No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional

No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional

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问题     No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce con- vection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the conti- nental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a back-coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.
    On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it cer- tainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. This plate is growing on both sides, and since there is no intermediate trench, the two ridges must be moving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pace with them. An alternative theory is that the sinking part of the plate, which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle, pulls the rest of the plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the South Atlantic, where neither the African nor the American plate has a sinking part.
    Another possibility is that the sink- ing plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas, such as the Sea of Japan. These seas have a typical oceanic floor, except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possi- ble that a sinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins. The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth’s surface, and seriously require explanation because, in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs, there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and perhaps the North Sea.
Which of the following titles would best describe the content of the passage?
选项 A、A Description of the Oceans of the World
B、Several Theories of Ocean Basin Formation
C、The Traditional View of the Oceans
D、Convection and Ocean Currents
E、Temperature Differences Among the Oceans of the World
答案B
解析 哪一个题目概括原文主要内容?A．全球海洋的描述。显然不是本文内容。B．正确。几个关于海盆成因的理论。文章首句即指出“关于海盆成因，现在没有一个使人满意的解释”。后面给出三个解释，并做了评价。C．关于海洋的老看法。只是文中一部分。D．对流和洋流。只是一部分内容。E．全球海洋温差。原文一处小细节内容。
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