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  3. Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of prominent economists both c

Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of prominent economists both c

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问题     Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of prominent economists both conservative and liberal concluded that an economist who argues for restricting international trade is almost as common today as a physician who favors leeching.
    Why the consensus? International free trade, economists agree, makes possible higher standards of living all over the globe.
    The case for free trade rests largely on this principle: as long as trade is voluntary, both partners benefit, otherwise they wouldn’t trade. The buyer of a shirt, for example, values the shirt more than the money spent, while the seller values the money more. Both are better off because of the sale. Moreover, it doesn’t matter whether the shirt salesman is from the United States or Hong Kong(or anywhere else).
    The vast majority of American manufactures face international competition. This competition forces companies to improve quality and cut costs. By contrast, protectionism encourages monopoly, lower quality and higher prices.
    Americans pay an enormous price for protectionism over $60 billion a year, or $1000 for a family of four. Thanks to protectionism, for example, American consumers pay twice the world price for sugar.
    Free trade also makes the world economy more efficient, by allowing nations to capitalize on their strengths. The United States has an advantage in food production, for instance, while Saudi Arabia has an advantage in oil. The Saudis could undertake massive irrigation to become self-sufficient in food, but it is more economical for them to sell oil and purchase food from us. Similarly, we could become self-sufficient in petroleum by squeezing more out of oil shale. But it is much less costly to buy some of our oil from Saudi Arabia. Trade between our two countries improves the standard of living in both.
    Protectionism is both wasteful and unjust. It taxes most heavily the people who can least afford it. Thus, tariffs that raise the price of shoes burden the poor more than the rich. Despite the powerful case for free trade, the United States and the rest of the world have always been protectionist to some degree. This is because free trade benefits the general public, while protectionism benefits special interest groups, which are better organized, better financed and more informed. To make matters worse, much of what we hear on this issue is misinformation spread by the special interests themselves.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
选项 A、International free trade may improve the standard of living all over the world
B、Economists are all in favor of the free trade policy
C、International free trade may create international competition
D、Protectionism has been abolished due to encouraging monopoly, lower quality and higher prices
答案D
解析 细节判断题。本题要求判断哪一个不正确。根据文章第二段可知A项正确，“国际自由贸易可以促进全世界人们生活水平的提高”；根据第一段第一句可知B项正确，“经济学家们都赞同自由贸易政策”；根据第四段可知C项正确，“国际贸易促进国际竞争”；根据最后一段第四句“美国和世界上其他国家在某种程度上还经常采取贸易保护主义政策。”可知选项D(贸易保护主义已被废止)不正确。所以D项为正确答案。
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