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  3. As we all know, sleep deprivation can lead to exhaustion-fueled mistakes in the workplace, whether they be a simple typo in a qu

As we all know, sleep deprivation can lead to exhaustion-fueled mistakes in the workplace, whether they be a simple typo in a qu

admin2013-08-03  42
问题     As we all know, sleep deprivation can lead to exhaustion-fueled mistakes in the workplace, whether they be a simple typo in a quarterly report or life-threatening errors while operating machinery. But according to two business school professors, it can make people more unethical too.
    In a forthcoming paper in the Academy of Management Journal, highlighted recently in the Financial Times, Michael Christian of the University of North Carolina’s Kenan-Flagler Business School and Aleksander Ellis of the University of Arizona’s Eller College of Management studied sleep-deprived nurses and students who’d pulled all-nighters in a sleep lab. They found that a lack of sleep led not just to poor performance on tasks that require "innovative thinking, risk analysis, and strategic planning"—though studies have shown all those to be true—but also to increased deviant and unethical behavior in both groups. Examples included rudeness, inappropriate responses and attempts to take more money than they’d earned.
    How does this happen? Christian and Ellis write that sleep deprivation results in lower brain functioning, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, which contains the parts of the brain that control " executive" functions, such as inhibiting emotion and behavior. Sleep deprivation reduces the metabolism of glucose, which acts as brain food for these functions.
    And why does this matter for leaders? In a global, always-on work world, responding to emails from the boss at midnight is considered normal and logging four hours of sleep a night to talk to colleagues in Bangalore is a regular occurrence. As a result, going without sleep has become a workplace badge of honor. Staying up all night to crunch on a deadline or taking red eye flights to meet clients on two continents in one day have replaced putting in a few hours on the weekend as evidence that you’re working hard.
    The numbers the two professors cite in their paper are startling. According to the National Sleep Disorders Research Plan, sleep deprivation costs the U. S. economy some $ 150 billion annually in accidents and productivity losses. The percentage of Americans who sleep less than six hours a night has jumped from 13 percent to 20 percent between 1999 and 2009, according to the National Sleep Foundation. The same group estimated that in 2009, one-third of Americans lost sleep thanks to financial distress. Who knows what that number is now.
    Christian and Ellis show that sleep deprivation has worse effects than just the occasional mistake or error— rude behavior and deviance can cost organizations just as much, if not more. To help fight the problems of sleep deprivations, leaders should provide "sleep awareness training"(whatever that is), monitor their workaholic cultures and provide more "restorative opportunities. " And no, air traffic controllers, they’re not suggesting napping on the job. Just taking more frequent breaks.
Sleep deprivation affects people’s moral behavior because
选项 A、it destroys some major parts of the brain.
B、it hinders the absorption of nutrient in food.
C、it controls the executive functions of people.
D、it influences the normal operation of the brain.
答案D
解析 细节题。文章在第三段中具体介绍了睡眠不足影响道德行为的原因。根据第二句中的sleep deprivation results in lower brain functioning“睡眠不足的结果是大脑功能低下”可知，[D]为本题答案。[A]是对第三段第二句这个长难复合句的曲解，排除；[B]则是对第三段最后一句的误解，也排除；而[C]则是针对第三段第二句中的control“executive”functions上篡改主语而设置的干扰项，故也不正确。
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