首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
科学研究不应寻求绝对的普遍真理 ——2012年英译汉及详解 Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific en
科学研究不应寻求绝对的普遍真理 ——2012年英译汉及详解 Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific en
admin
2019-07-05
86
问题
科学研究不应寻求绝对的普遍真理
——2012年英译汉及详解
Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.
【F1】
In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.
It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.
This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.【F2】
Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.
Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered to be forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features.【F3】
To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.
That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.
The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.
【F4】
The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits(particularly in word order)shared by many languages, which are considered torepresent biases that result from cognitive constraints.
Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2, 000 languages.【F5】
Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.
Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals.
【F1】
选项
答案
物理学中,有一种方法将这种追求万物归一的冲动发挥到了极致,并且它探求一种万有理论——一个包括我们能看到的一切的生成性等式。
解析
本句考查的重点是:并列简单句和同位语。 句子主干结构是one approach takes…and seeks…。破折号后面的部分进一步解释了前面说到的理论,作theory of everything的同位语。①take…to extreme…把…发挥到极致,把…推至极限。②theoryof everything万有理论,或者也翻译成“适用于任何事物的理论”。③generative equation生成等式、生成方程。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/PL9Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowistha
Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowistha
Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowistha
Throughoutthewholeperiodofone’slifetime,theachievingofhappinesscanbeseenasour【C1】______andeverlastinggoal.Happ
Throughoutthewholeperiodofone’slifetime,theachievingofhappinesscanbeseenasour【C1】______andeverlastinggoal.Happ
Throughoutthewholeperiodofone’slifetime,theachievingofhappinesscanbeseenasour【C1】______andeverlastinggoal.Happ
Despitethescandalsoverleakede-mails,thescientificevidenceforglobalwarmingremainsstrong.Thequestion,then,istow
Despitethescandalsoverleakede-mails,thescientificevidenceforglobalwarmingremainsstrong.Thequestion,then,istow
如何充分利用上大学的时间——1986年英译汉及详解Itwouldbeinterestingtodiscoverhowmanyyoungpeoplegotouniversitywithoutanyclearideaof
智力测验的初衷及价值——1992年英译汉及详解Intelligenceatbestisanassumptiveconstruct—themeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.【F1】There
随机试题
劳动法律关系的基本客体是()
20世纪70年代末,提出竞争战略理论的著名学者是()
简述在工作表中使用名称引用的优点有哪些。
对流免疫电泳中,抗体向阴极移动原因是
患者,75岁。患2型糖尿病20年,平日由其女儿照顾。其女儿50岁,患有高血压、肥胖。如果患者发生了糖尿病足.那么针对糖尿病足,社区护理的内容正确的是
新生儿生后2周出现以结合胆红素增高为主的疾病是
下列哪一项不是导游语言运用的原则?()
材料:甲同学活泼好动、能说会道、反应灵活、爱好交际,上课时爱搞小动作,不注意听讲。乙同学安静稳重、沉默寡言、喜欢沉思、情绪不易外露、自制力强、不好交际,上课时不爱发言,学习不主动。问题:针对学生不同的气质类型,作为教师,如何对他们进行教育?
经济体制改革是全面深化改革的重点,核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系。()
海洋中波浪冲击海岸时激起大量的浪花,冲击力可以摧毁坚固的建筑物,其中蕴藏着极大的能量。每秒钟在1平方公里海面上产生的能量可以达到20万千瓦之多,据科学家估计,全球波浪能的储量可以达到25亿千瓦。现在,沿海各国都十分重视利用这种能源作为发电动力。最能
最新回复
(
0
)