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  3. Last week 8,400 British students about to enter university received an e-mail from the Student Loans Company (SLC), a government

Last week 8,400 British students about to enter university received an e-mail from the Student Loans Company (SLC), a government

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问题     Last week 8,400 British students about to enter university received an e-mail from the Student Loans Company (SLC), a government body, reminding them to complete their application forms. It came with an attachment that listed all 8,400 e-mail addresses. The outfit later issued a sheepish apology and promised an "internal investigation". At best, such data breaches make a small dent in a firm’s reputation and the whole thing blows over, as it did SLC’s case; at worst, though, companies lose the trust of their customers and also have to pay large fines. Sony, an ailing Japanese electronics giant, may never quite recover from breach last year, when hackers stole the personal details of over 100m customers.
    The explosion of data in recent years was always going to make data breaches more common, as two recent reports make clear. The first is an annual publication commissioned by Symantec, a maker of security software, and carried out by the Ponemon Institute, a data-protection researcher, to look into the cost of data breaches in several countries. Now in its seventh year, the report had some good news for Americans. Calculating the costs of investigations, compensation, customer support and projected loss of revenue, it found that the average cost to a company per breached record declined for the first time since the numbers are tracked. The figure dropped from $214 in 2010 to $194 in 2011, suggesting that companies had become better both at preventing and responding to breaches.
    Europeans fared less well. The cost rose from ￡ 71 to ￡ 79 ($113 to $126) in Britain, from ￠98 to ￠122 ($ 130 to $ 162) in France and from € 138 to ￠ 146 in privacy-conscious Germany. In all four countries, around two-thirds of all breaches were the result of technical faults and malicious attacks. But the remaining third was down to negligence. They could, in other words, never have happened.
    The second study goes some way to explaining why they did. Iron Mountain, a data-management company, commissioned PricewaterhouseCoopers, a consultancy, to assess the risk of information loss faced by mid-size European companies based on their attitudes to managing data. The report looks at 600 businesses in six European countries across different sectors. It found that businesses tend to regard data protection issues as the responsibility of IT departments. More than half thought that technology can solve the problem. Only 1% of the businesses surveyed believed it concerned all employees—and thus required a change in behavior.
    Both reports conclude that is precisely what is needed. Symantec’s study found a correlation between having a senior executive in charge of information security and lower costs of data breaches. " It has to start at the top," says Marc Duale, Iron Mountain’s head. The best solution need not be the most expensive—employee-awareness programs and staff training can be more effective than pricey IT upgrades. Malicious attacks may be unavoidable but silly mistakes are unforgivable.
According to Paragraph 1, the Student Loan Company______.
选项 A、was attacked by hackers maliciously just like Sony
B、responded to the data disclosure in a more diplomatic way than Sony
C、recovered more quickly from the data disclosure scandal than Sony
D、incurred heavier financial losses from data breach case than Sony
答案C
解析 文章以英国助学贷款公司最近的一次数据泄露事故开篇。助学贷款公司不小心泄露了8400 名贷款学生的邮箱地址。这次事件并没有对助学贷款公司的声誉带来毁灭性的打击，在承诺展开内部调查之后，这一事件很快平息下来。而去年同样经历了数据泄露事故的索尼公司却元气大伤，至今未能恢复。[C]正确。[A]错误，第一段中交代了索尼发生泄露事故的原因是因为黑客袭击，但是并没有交代助学贷款公司数据泄露的原因。[B]错误，作者并没有就两个公司的危机公关能力进行对比。[D]错误，助学贷款公司的数据泄露丑闻很快平息，并未因此遭受太大的经济损失，而索尼公司则深受其累。
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