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Kalvero Oberg describes four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from those to

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问题     Kalvero Oberg describes four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed. Stage one is a honeymoon phase, during which the new experience is perceived to be interesting, picturesque, entertaining, and charming. You may notice several superficial differences such as music, food, and clothing, and the fresh appeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and positive.
    When you stay in a new environment for a while, you move to stage two—the crisis stage—in which the shine wears off and day-to-day realities sink in. In a relationship, you notice annoying habits; in a new country, you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite phrases. Suddenly, your new major includes a class or a professor you dislike. The difficulties and unpleasantness of reality replace the charming and picturesque "honeymoon". However, if you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically, you will probably move to the third phase of culture shock: recovery.
    In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language, or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery, competence, and comfort. After about two weeks in London, I began to feel familiar with traveling by "tube", paying in the correct currency, and using some phrases that are unique to English people. I had the advantage of speaking the same basic language and of sharing a great deal with the English in some broad, cultural aspects. In a country that was very different from my own, it would probably have taken me longer to move into the recovery phase.
    Finally, the fourth, or adjustment, phase occurs when you feel that you function well and almost automatically in the new culture. You no longer need to make mental conversions of the country’s money and it is relatively easy for you to adjust to social customs. A greater enjoyment of the new experience is now possible, and you may regain some of the initial positive regard you had in the honeymoon stage. If you stay long enough on a visit from a big city to a small town, or, the other way round, you may become so well adapted to the new environment that when you return to your original home, you will again experience culture shock.
According to Oberg, people go through four stages when
选项 A、their new experience is interesting and entertaining.
B、they have to adapt to new and unfamiliar situations.
C、the customs of the new situation are negative.
D、their new spouse is very different from their perception.
答案B
解析 根据欧博格的观点，人们在——时会经历四个阶段。[A]他们的新经历有趣且令人愉快[B]他们必须要适应新的不熟悉的环境[C]新环境的风俗很消极[D]他们的新配偶和他们认为的不一样。根据题干中的关键词Oberg，可以在第一段的第一句话中查找到解答本题的信息。原文指出：当他们experience situations that are very different from those to whichthey are accustomed时，人们需要经历四个阶段，这是一个结构复杂的句子，可见此题是针对语法来命题。这个时间状语从句中套了两个定语从句，第一个的先行词是situations，在从句中做主语，也就是situations are very different from those，第二个定语从句的先行词是those，在从句中做介词to的宾语，也就是they areaccustomed to those，所以这句话的意思是：人们在与他们所熟悉的情况很不同的环境中经历四个阶段，这正是[B]的意思。[A]表述第一阶段的特征，与题干没有联系；而[C]中的customs和[D]中的spouse表明这两项的内容文章中并没有提及．
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