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  3. On Society 1 Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate c

On Society 1 Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate c

admin2008-12-13  13
问题                                             On Society
1      Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate crimes and street crimes to terrorism. But despite the popularity of the explanation, not much evidence backs it up. In a recent issue of Psychological Review, three researchers examine this literature at length and conclude that a much stronger link connects high self-esteem to violence. "It is difficult to maintain belief in the low self-esteem view after seeing that the more violent groups are generally the ones with higher self-esteem," write Roy Baumeister of Case Western Reserve University and Laura Smart and Joseph Boden of the University of Virginia.
2      The conventional view is that people without self-esteem try to gain it by hurting others. The researchers find that violence is much more often the work of people with unrealistically high self-esteem attacking others who challenge their self-image. Under this umbrella come bullies, rapists, racists, psychopaths and members of street gangs and organized crime.
3      The study concludes, "Certain forms of high self-esteem seem to increase one’s proneness to violence. An uncritical endorsement of the cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be counterproductive and even dangerous...  The societal pursuit of high self-esteem for everyone may literally end up doing considerable harm. "
4      As for prison programs intended to make violent convicts feel better about themselves, "perhaps it would be better to try instilling modesty and humility," the researchers write.
5      In an interview with the Boston Globe, Baumeister said he believes the "self’-promoting establishment is starting to crumble. "What would work better for the country is to forget about self-esteem and concentrate on self-control,’ he said.
6      In the schools, this would mean turning away from psychic boosterism and emphasizing self-esteem as a by-product of real achievement, not as an end in itself. The self-esteem movement, still entrenched in schools of education, is deeply implicated in the dumbing down of our schools, and in the spurious equality behind the idea that it is a terrible psychic blow if one student does any better or any worse than another. Let’s hope it is indeed crumbling.
选项 A、low self-esteem and violence.
B、low self-cotrol and violence.
C、high self-image and violence.
D、high self-control and violence.
答案C
解析 <1>Low self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence，from hate crimes and street crimes to terrorism． pop up表示“出现”。 from...to...此处表示范围，意思是“小到……，大到……”。
<2>the conventional view这里指那种认为violence与low self-esteem有关的看法。
<3>this umbrella这里指people with unrealistically high self-esteem。
<4>An uncritical endorsement of the cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be counterproductive and even dangerous...因此，对自尊的文化价值不加批判就表示同意或接受，会带来相反的结果，甚至是非常危险的结果。
<5>crumble破坏，毁坏
<6>psychic boosterism热心支持，热心拥护
<7>entrench表示“置……于壕沟中”，此处为比喻用法，表示“使……处于稳固地位”。
<8>dumb down使沉默，使麻木
<9>spurious假的，伪造的，欺骗性的

此题为细节理解题。据第1段第3、4句可知。self-image即self-esteem。
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