首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Culture As a Barrier to Communication Our culture will prevent us getting our message across and receiving the full message inte
Culture As a Barrier to Communication Our culture will prevent us getting our message across and receiving the full message inte
admin
2017-12-07
91
问题
Culture As a Barrier to Communication
Our culture will prevent us getting our message across and receiving the full message intended by others. That’s why we need to overcome the cultural barriers in the communication.
I. Three levels of culture
A. Outward manifestations
— Examples: food, art,【T1】_____, etc.【T1】______
B.【T2】_____【T2】______
— Invisible rules
C.【T3】_____ cultural assumptions【T3】______
— Characteristics of American culture: individualism, equality, competition, etc.
II. Main causes for cross-cultural misunderstanding
A. The in-group/out-group distinction
— It allows individuals to find an【T4】_____【T4】______
— Tendency to blame out-groups for troubles
— Tendency to【T5】_____ other groups【T5】______
B. Stereotyping
— It is a(n)【T6】_____to reduce anxiety【T6】______
C. Other causes
— Lack of trust
— Lack of empathy
— The【T7】_____【T7】______
III. Skills for cross-cultural communication
A.【T8】_____【T8】______
— Identify your attitudes, opinions, biases, etc.
B.【T9】_____【T9】______
— Listen to others
— Don’t jump to conclusions
— Periods of silence and【T10】_____ are allowed in some cultures【T10】______
C. Encourage feedback
— Feedback allows to correct and adjust messages
— Feedback can help us reach【T11】_____【T11】______
—【T12】_____ could be appropriate feedback【T12】______
D.【T13】_____ empathy【T13】______
— Put ourselves in the other person’s shoes
— Become more sensitive to others’ needs,【T14】_____【T14】______
E. Seek the【T15】_____ among cultures【T15】______
— Establish a bond despite cultural differences
【T9】
Culture As a Barrier to Communication
Good morning, everyone. In this lecture, I am going to lead you to the discussion of cultural barriers and their solutions. I am sure that each of us is exposed to people from other cultures on a regular basis, in the workplace, in our social activities, at school, or even within our families. Our culture hinders us from getting our message across as well as receiving the full message that others want to convey to us. This talk expounds on three aspects: what culture is, the main causes for cross-cultural misunderstandings, and the attitudes and skills that we need to communicate cross-culturally.
First of all, let’s talk about what culture is. When we think about culture we first think about a country,[1]and particularly about its food, art, customs, and patterns of behavior. These are the outward manifestations of a system of values, assumptions, and deeply rooted beliefs. Culture emerges as a group of people meet and then react to the challenges of life. The responses to those challenges that are successful are taught and shared among members of the group and are passed on from the older to the younger members. Culture is then learned through experience.
You can think of culture as having three levels: first, the top level is the outward manifestations, the artifacts:[1]visible behavior, art, clothing and so on;[2]second, in the middle level are the values. These are invisible rules that cause the artifacts; thirdly, the most powerful dimension of culture is the implicit cultural assumptions. These assumptions lie so deep that they are never questioned, stated or defended.
[3]Culture also exists among Americans, but what are the implicit cultural assumptions of Americans? Some of the most distinctive characteristics of the American culture are: individualism, equality, competition, personal control of the environment, self-help concept, action orientation, informality, directness, practicality, materialism, and problem-solving orientation. These American values and deeply rooted beliefs are very different from other country’s values and beliefs. The implicit cultural assumptions of Americans are often opposed to those of other cultures. When individuals from different cultures run into each other’s values and beliefs, cross-cultural misunderstandings take place.
Now, let’s talk about the main causes for cross-cultural misunderstandings. People constantly interact with people who have similar views and who reinforce their beliefs.[4]To be able to distinguish between the in-group and the out-group is of central importance for individuals because it allows them to find who they are and who they are not. In the book entitled Cross Cultural Encounters, Brislim states: "If individuals have out-groups whom they can blame for troubles, the in-group is then solidified since there is a common goal around which to rally." Later on he says: "Individuals become accustomed to reacting in terms of in-group and out-group. They continue to use such distinctions when interacting with people from other cultures whom they do not know."
This in-group/out-group distinction provides us with the basis for ethnocentrism,[5]which is the tendency to interpret and to judge all other groups, their environment, and their communication according to the categories and values of our own culture. We are guilty of ethnocentrism when we hold that our view of the world is the right one, the correct one, and the only one.
We are all familiar with stereotyping, which is one of the most serious problems in intercultural communication.[6]Our tendency to hold beliefs about groups of individuals based on previously formed opinions, perceptions, and attitudes is often a defense mechanism, a way of reducing anxiety.
[7]There are many other causes of cross-cultural misunderstanding: lack of trust, lack of empathy, and the misuse of power. All of us know what they are about and the turmoil that they cause. But, how can we do a better job at communicating among cultures?
This is actually the last part of my talk. The same skills that we need to communicate in general apply to cross-cultural communication. Let’s look at some of those skills:
1.[8]Know yourself: Identify your attitudes, your opinions, and the biases that we all carry around. Identify your likes, your dislikes, your prejudices, and your degree of personal ethnocentrism.
2.[9]Take time: Listen to the other person and allow him or her to accomplish their purpose. Don’t jump to conclusions. Sometimes we finish the thoughts and ideas of the other person before he or she has finished talking.[10]In some cultures, non-verbal styles call for periods of silence and long pauses.
3. Encourage feedback: Feedback allows communicators to correct and adjust messages.[11]Without feedback we cannot have agreement. First we must create an atmosphere where others are encouraged to give us feedback.[12]Again, don’t be afraid of silence. It could be the appropriate feedback at times.
4.[13]Develop empathy: The greater the difference between us and others, the harder it is to empathize. To develop empathy we must put ourselves in the other person’s place.[14]By becoming more sensitive to the needs, values, and goals of the other person, we overcome our ethnocentric tendencies.
5.[15]Seek the commonalities among diverse cultures: Despite our cultural differences we are all alike in many ways.[15]We need to seek that common ground to establish a bond between ourselves and the rest of humanity.
All right. I think I have covered the three main parts of my talk. Finally, I would like to reiterate that although our own ethnocentrism might have hindered us from getting to know people from other cultures, let us be more than ever committed to helping ourselves and others overcome the barrier that culture creates. Let us endeavor to minimize the occurrences of cross-cultural misunderstandings as we develop the attitudes and the skills that are needed to communicate cross-culturally.
选项
答案
Take time
解析
本题考查跨文化交际的第二个技巧,即花费一些时间。因此本题填入Take time。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/PcsK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、Ithasexpandedacrossthecountry.B、Arkansasjustfiledtoday.C、Tennesseehasalawsuit.D、Virginiahastworivallawsuits.
Communicationinaforeignlanguagemustinvolvebothteachersandpupilsusingthetargetlanguageasthenormalmeansofcomm
PASSAGETHREEHowdothedivebarsattracttheauthorandhisbuddies?
PASSAGEFOURWhatdoestheauthorimplybysaying"...thedetailswerelefttoothers."inthelastparagraph?
Allsocialunitsdevelopaculture.Evenintwo-personrelationshipsaculturedevelopsintime.Infriendshipandromanticrela
Allsocialunitsdevelopaculture.Evenintwo-personrelationshipsaculturedevelopsintime.Infriendshipandromanticrela
PASSAGETHREEWhatdoestheauthormeanwhenhequotesRichardHuberinPara.5?
PASSAGETHREEWhatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"Theircaseisweak."inPara.2?
A、Problemsabouttheirwork.B、Problemsaboutinterpersonalrelationship.C、Problemsabouttheirchildren.D、Problemsaboutabi
随机试题
某男,67岁,既往高血压病史10年,与儿子吵架后突然起病,言语不清,左侧肢体无力,意识不清,查体:BP220/120mmHg,中度昏迷,瞳孔不等大,对光反射消失,强痛刺激,左侧肢体不活动。针对上述方案。首选的药物为
《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》规定:专项规划的编制机关对可能造成不良环境影响并直接涉及公众环境权益的规划,应当在该规划草案报送审批前,举行论证会、听证会,或者采取其他形式,征求有关单位、专家和公众对环境影响报告书草案的意见。编制机关应当在报送审查的环境影
承担热核反应的主要设备是()。
下列关于预算单位零余额账户的说法正确的有()。
商业银行个人理财业务人员操守基本准则包含的内容包括()等方面。
某企业本月生产A、B两种产品,其中A产品技术工艺过程较为简单,生产批量较大;B产品工艺过程较为复杂,生产批量较小。其他有关资料见下表:要求: (1)采用产量基础成本计算制度计算A、B两种产品应分配的制造费用及单位成本。 (2)假设经作业分析
性别角色,是个体在社会化过程中通过模仿学习获得的一套与自己性别相适应的行为模式,不同社会文化对不同性别理想行为的要求和期望是不同的。例如,在历史文化中,战争通常被视为是对男性适合的,而抚养子女通常对女性而言的。尽管随着社会发展、价值取向多元化、人们的个性解
邓小平关于(),从根本上回答了什么是社会主义,怎样建设社会主义的问题,取得了科学社会主义在当代最大的理论成果。
球菌性口炎的致病菌包括()。
Thegreatestrecentsocialchangeshavebeeninthelivesofwomen.Duringthetwentiethcenturytherehasbeenaremarkablesho
最新回复
(
0
)