首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Creativity Environment I. What we do in creative thinking A. The Explorer — our role for collecting materials and information B
Creativity Environment I. What we do in creative thinking A. The Explorer — our role for collecting materials and information B
admin
2014-12-11
59
问题
Creativity Environment
I. What we do in creative thinking
A. The Explorer — our role for collecting materials and information
B. 【B1】 — our role for turning materials and information into 【B1】______
new ideas
C. The Judge — our role for evaluating the merits and feasibility of an idea
D. The Warrior — our role for carrying 【B2】 into action 【B2】______
II. What kind of classroom environment we need
A. Making resources available
1. In the school or outside the school
2. Focusing more on the skill of 【B3】 man on knowing or not knowing 【B3】______
something
3. Teacher is not only the provider of knowledge and information,
but the facilitator of the process.
B. Letting students work un-judged.
1. Suspending 【B4】 completely for the whole Artist period 【B4】______
2. Giving learners enough un-judged time to get lots of ideas
C. Not presetting 【B5】 【B5】______
1. Setting open-ended tasks and giving learners the freedom of choice
2. Helping learners to learn about how to 【B6】 【B6】______
D. Rearranging the classroom and time
III. Teachers’ responsibilities
A. Timing
1. Unlimited time, which is inner, personal, for lateral thinking and
for reflection
2. Limited time, which is controlled from 【B7】 for focused 【B7】______
thinking, researching and actions
B. task assignment
1. Giving learners a chance to act in 【B8】 【B8】______
2. Or giving learners a role that we think they need to practise
3. As for a more complex activity, breaking it down into tasks matching the roles
C. Celebration. Helping to reinforce the 【B9】 atmospherre needed for 【B9】______
creative thinking
IV. Summary
A. Neil Postman: schools deprive students of 【B10】 in the world. 【B10】______
B. We should try to invalidate Postman’s opinion.
【B5】
Creativity Environment
We have discussed so far how we can organise our classroom work to incorporate the four features of creativity, and how we can add the essential element of creative thinking to our language learning activities. In this lecture, we will discuss fostering a creative environment.
To understand more what kind of classroom environment we need to create to foster our learners’ creativity, now we need to explore the question of what we actually do when we are being creative.
Here I’ll refer to a researcher named Roger von Oech. Mr. Oech distinguishes four main roles in creative thinking and calls them the Explorer, the Artist, the Judge and the Warrior. What does he mean by these metaphors? What kind of thinking do they personify?
No. 1, The Explorer. The Explorer is our role for searching for new information and resources. The Explorer reads books, magazines, talks to people, goes out, looks around and collects things, goes to the library and goes on-line. In short, the Explorer collects materials and information.
No. 2, [1] The Artist. The Artist is our role for turning these resources and information into new ideas. People often limit creativity to this thinking function, though without the other three, it can not create anything but beautiful bubbles of fancy ideas.
No. 3, The Judge. The Judge is our role for evaluating the merits of an idea and deciding what to do. Our Judge will tell us which of our ideas best meets the objective and which one is feasible within the constraints of resources, time and talent.
No. 4, [2] The Warrior. The Warrior is our role for carrying our idea into action. The Warrior will carry out the plan the Judge selected from the ideas the Artist came up with, using the materials and information collected by the Explorer.
These thinking roles are present in all of us, but some may be more developed and pronounced than the others. We may find that we love to perform one of the roles, but do not like another one.
Based on these thinking functions that need to be performed during a creative task, what kind of classroom environment do we need to create and how shall we organise the creative process?
No. 1, The Explorer needs to get to the information and resources they need. Ideally, they can go to the library, go on-line, talk to each other and the teacher, make interviews, collect things, and so on. If resources are not available in the school, the teacher can organise the process in a way that makes it possible for learners to do research outside the school, for example in the afternoon. In the classroom, [3] knowing or not knowing something becomes less important. The important thing for the learner is to have the skill of finding the information and resources needed. It also means that the teacher is no longer seen as the provider of knowledge and information, he or she is considered more as the facilitator of the process.
No. 2, The Artist needs to work un-judged. Passing judgement too early stops the flow of ideas. So [4] both the teacher and the learners need to suspend judgement-completely for the period when we want learners to come up with ideas. Here I have a Nobel Prize winning chemist Linus Pauling. Mr. Pauling said, "The best way to get a good idea is to get lots of ideas." French philosopher Emil Chattier came to a similar conclusion though the direction of his thoughts seems to be just the opposite, "Nothing is more dangerous than an idea when it’s the only one you have."
While the first quotation reminds us that we need to be patient and wait until the really good idea comes to us, the second warns us of the dangers of being obsessed by one idea we judge is the best. So we need to make sure that learners have enough un-judged time for coming up with a good number of ideas.
No. 3, [5] When it’s the Judge’s turn at last, they need to be sure that nobody is looking for one preset and right answer, but they can genuinely judge the possibilities themselves. We need to set open-ended tasks to our learners and give them the freedom of choice. [6] We may also need to help our learners to set their criteria for evaluating ideas.
No. 4, The Warrior needs time, space and perhaps some tools. Actively doing something with other people may not be possible within the old classroom arrangement of students sitting in rows turning their backs on each other. If possible, ask learners to sit in a circle or sit around a table.
With their comments and evaluation, teachers need to encourage individuality, questioning and changing rules.
The first thing teachers should pay attention to is timing. Timing needs to be carefully thought out. There are two kinds of timing. The first one is unlimited time, that is inner, personal time. This kind of timing is needed for lateral (not focused) thinking and for reflection. [7] The second timing is limited time, that is time controlled from outside, for example, through flexible time limits. This kind of timing is needed for brainstorming, selecting the best idea, making decisions, researching and actions.
The second thing is task assignment. When we plan a creative activity, we may wish to give different learners different tasks matching the thinking roles. [8] We may want to give them a chance to act in their best roles, or we may want to challenge them and give them a role that we think they need to practise. No matter how we decide, we need to bear it in mind that all these roles need to be performed, so we can only guarantee success if we make sure these roles are all present consciously or unconsciously in any group we set up for a creative activity. We may also find it useful to break down a more complex activity into tasks matching these roles.
The third thing is celebration. [9] The positive and relaxed atmosphere needed for creative thinking is reinforced by establishing a tradition of celebrating students’ work and performance. Clapping, praising, giving awards or smiling faces will strengthen positive attitudes in learners, because those signals tell the learner that you and their peers appreciate their work and achievement.
To finish, [10] let me quote Neil Postman, He says, "Children enter school as question marks and leave school as periods."
[10] In his opinion, schools turn out people who have lost their innate interest in the world, who forgot to ask questions and cannot think for themselves, or change their minds any more. I’m sure this is not how we would like to think about our work or the result of our work. Making sure that we provide our learners with the opportunity of thinking and acting creatively in our lessons, we will make a step towards invalidating Postman’s often justified opinion. To do this, I wish that you find good resources, have lots of original ideas, form accurate judgements and are able to call on a great reserve of stamina to make it all happen.
选项
答案
a right answer
解析
本题针对第三项the Judge的内容进行设置。讲座中提到,教师们应该确保所有问题没有预设的正确答案(nobodyis looking for one preset and right answer).题干用preset作为动词,宾语位置应该填入的是a right answer。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/PjdO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Thishasbeenquiteaweekforliterarycoups.Inanalmostentirelyunexpectedmove,theSwedishAcademyhavethislunchtimean
WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthesafetyofputtingphotosonline?
It’softendangeroustogeneralize,butunderthreat,IwouldsaythatAmericansaremore"downtheline."Theydon’thidethei
Askedwhatjobtheywouldtakeiftheycouldhaveany,peopleunleashtheirimaginationsanddreamofexoticplaces,powerfulpo
TheUNGeneralAssembly,thecentralpoliticalforum,iscomposedof193members,includingvirtuallyalltheworld’snation-sta
Whenparentshavetoworkatdaytimeoroutoftown,kidsareusuallylookedafterbytheirgrandparents.Therearecertainlya
我跟所有其余的人一样,生活在这世界上,是为着来征服生活。我也曾参加在这个“搏斗”里面。我有我的爱,有我的恨,有我的欢乐,也有我的痛苦。但是我并没有失去我的信仰:对于生活的信仰。我的生活还不会结束,我也不知道在前面还有什么东西等着我。然而我对于将来却也有一点
Theagingprocessisnotentirelydeterminedbyheredity,butisinfluencedbydifferentenvironmentalandsocialcircumstances
随机试题
下列关于债务重组中,将债务转为资本的说法中,正确的有()。
某教师在执教“做更好的自己”时,通过多媒体展示同学认真听课、参加体育竞赛、外出研究等照片并说出如下新课导入语:“同学们,自信、阳光、快乐写满你们的脸庞,和你们相处的点点滴滴都是我的幸福,遇到你们真好,在未来的日子里,我希望你们能做更好的自己,遇见更好的自己
简述项目管理的特征。
关于知识产权的专有性,下列表述不正确的是()
下列关于氟烷描述错误的是
没有咬合关系的
甲公司2013年采用销售百分比法预测外部资金需要量,预计下一年度比本年销售收入将增加20%。本年度的销售收入为95000万元,敏感资产和敏感负债占销售收入的百分比分另0为58%、13%,销售净利润率为10%,股份支付率为60%。甲公司现有总资本1
甲、乙、丙三人沿着400米环形跑道进行800米跑步比赛,当甲跑1圈时,乙比甲多跑圈。丙比甲少跑圈。如果他们各自跑步的速度始终不变,那么,当乙到达终点时,甲在丙前面____________米。
【统购统销政策】浙江大学2002年中国现代史真题;西北大学2015年中国史真题
MinorityReportA)Americanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.B)BarryMill
最新回复
(
0
)