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  3. The ways in which societies address environmental issues are in the midst of a pro found transformation. Both the extent of this

The ways in which societies address environmental issues are in the midst of a pro found transformation. Both the extent of this

admin2012-09-19  55
问题     The ways in which societies address environmental issues are in the midst of a pro found transformation. Both the extent of this transformation and its implications for the future of environmental governance are only beginning to be appreciated.
    Of all the dimensions of environmental governance undergoing rapid change, most attention has been devoted to the growing urgency of the threats that need to be addressed. As argued by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, these now warrant consideration jointly with the other great global issues of the 21st century: "freedom from want, freedom from fear, and the freedom of future generations to sustain their lives on this plan et. "The first two of these issues reflect the longstanding concerns for poverty alleviation and physical security that framed the UN Charter. The last, as the secretary-general notes, was "not clearly identified in the charter because in 1945, our founders could scarce ly imagine that it would ever be threatened. "Today, that threat is increasingly clear, and our most enlightened political leaders have begun to redefine the priority tasks of governance to include sustainability.
    A second rapidly changing dimension of environmental governance is the scale over which it needs to operate. The trends toward "globalization’ that have entrained so many aspects of our lives in the increasingly interconnected world of the 21st century have affect ed the environment as well. In response, more international environmental treaties were adopted and more international environmental institutions were founded in the last quarter of the 20th century than in the preceding hundred years. A few of these have worked relatively well. In general, however, our capacity for effective implementation lags far behind the recognized need.
    Finally, the actors and institutions involved in environmental governance are changing. The political transformation of "a closed public policy process into a more open and participatory one" for Southeast Asia, is under way for much of the rest of the world as well, shifting power away from central governments toward local communities and civil society organizations. Simultaneously, the globalization trends noted above have pushed in the other direction, moving power toward multinational corporations and international institutions.
    In the midst of all these transformations, two things can nonetheless be said with confidence about environmental governance.. Neither its complexity nor its importance has ever been greater.
The issue of sustainability was neglected in the UN Charter because.
选项 A、At the time the charter was written it was virtually unthinkable that sustainability would become a problem
B、Other issues were more important
C、The tasks of governance did not include sustainability
D、The concerns for poverty alleviation and physical security that framed the UN Charter were longstanding
答案A
解析 属事实细节题。第二段指出，联合同宪章没有明确地确认可持续发展的问题，因为当时几乎没有想到这个问题会受到威胁。
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