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  3. When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholester

When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholester

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问题    When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and body weight. But poor diet and physical inactivity also each increase the risk of heart disease and have a role to play in the development of some cancers. Perhaps worse, the【C1】______effects of an unhealthy diet and insufficient exercise are not limited to your body. Recent research has also shown that【C2】______in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may have negative effects on your brain, causing learning and memory【C3】______.
   Studies have found obesity is associated with impairments in cognitive functioning, as【C4】______by a range of learning and memory tests, such as the ability to remember a list of words presented some minutes or hours earlier. There is also a growing body of evidence that diet-induced cognitive impairments can emerge【C5】______—within weeks or even days. For example, one study found healthy adults【C6】______to a high-fat diet for five days showed impaired attention, memory, and mood compared with a low-fat diet control group. Another study also found eating a high-fat and high-sugar breakfast each day for as little as four days resulted in problems with learning and memory【C7】______to those observed in overweight and obese individuals.
   Body weight was not hugely different between the groups eating a healthy diet and those on high fat and sugar diets. So this shows negative【C8】______of poor dietary intake can occur even when body weight has not changed【C9】______Thus, body weight is not always the best indicator of health and a thin person still needs to eat well and exercise【C10】______.
   A) assessed F) designated K) loopholes
   B) assigned G) detrimental D rapidly
   C) consequences H) digestion M) redundant
   D) conspicuously I) excelling N) regularly
   E) deficits J) indulging O) similar
【C7】
选项
答案O
解析 [语法判断]通过分析句子结构可知，空格位于with引导的伴随状语结构中，空格及介词to引导的短语，以及空格前的介宾短语with learning and memory，均为名词problems的后置定语，因此空格应填入分词或形容词，且可与to搭配。[语义判断]空格所在句指出，另一项研究还发现，每天吃一顿高脂肪、高糖的早餐，仅仅4天就会导致学习和记忆方面的问题。而本段第一句指出，肥胖与认知功能受损有关，由此可知两种情况相似，O)similar“相似的，类似的”符合句意，且可与介词to搭配，故为答案。
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