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  3. For years, studies have found that first-generation college students — those who do not have a parent with a college degree — la

For years, studies have found that first-generation college students — those who do not have a parent with a college degree — la

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问题     For years, studies have found that first-generation college students — those who do not have a parent with a college degree — lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close the achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
    But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.
    The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59. 1 percent)were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.
    Their thesis that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.
    Many first-generation students "struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ’rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources," they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.
Recruiting more first-generation students has______.
选项 A、reduced their dropout rates
B、narrowed the achievement gap
C、missed its original purpose
D、depressed college students
答案C
解析 引申题。第一段“since such students are most likely to advance economically if theysucceed in higher education．colleges and universities have pushed for decades torecruit more of them．This has created‘a paradox’in that recruiting first—generationstudents，but then watching many of them fail，means that higher education hascontinued to reproduce and widen，rather than close achievement gap”。“如果这样的学生接受高等教育，他们的经济状况极有可能得到改善，大学几十年力推多招第一代大学生。但招收这批学生时，事与愿违，因为这批人中很多人的学业失败，高等教育继续复制或拉大差距，没有缩短差距，反而拉大了差距"。请注意转折词“but”后接大学招生第一代大学生的结果，是和大学招生初衷相反，没有缩短距离，反而拉大距离，这和C项提到“missed the original purpose”(没有实现初衷)一致。
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