首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
During the reign of Augustus the Rome army became a professional one. Its core of legionaires was composed of Roman citizens who
During the reign of Augustus the Rome army became a professional one. Its core of legionaires was composed of Roman citizens who
admin
2009-09-13
68
问题
During the reign of Augustus the Rome army became a professional one. Its core of legionaires was composed of Roman citizens who served for a minimum of twenty five years. Augustus in his reign tried to eliminate the loyalty of the legions to the generals who commanded them, forcing them to take an oath of allegiance directly to him. While the legions remained relatively loyal to Augustus during his reign, under others, especially the more corrupt emperors or those who unwisely treated the military poorly, the legions often took power into their own hands. Legions continued to move farther and farther to the outskirts of society, especially in the later periods of the empire as the majority of legionaires no longer came from Italy, and were instead born in the provinces. The loyalty the legions felt to their emperor only degraded more with time, and lead in the 2nd Centry and 3rd Century to a large number of military usurpers and civil wars. By the time of the military officer emperors that characterized the period following the Crisis of the Third Century the Roman army was just as likely to be attacking itself as an outside invader.
Both the pre- and post-Marian armies were greatly assisted by auxiliary troops. A typical Roman legion was accompanied by a matching auxiliary legion. In the pre-Marian army these auxiliary troops were Italians, and often Latins, from cities near Rome. The post-Marian army incorporated these Italian soldiers into its standard legions (as all Italians were Roman citizens after the Social War). Its auxiliary troops were made up of foreigners from provinces distant to Rome, who gained Roman citizenship after completing their twenty five years of service. This system of foreign auxiliaries allowed the post-Marian army to strengthen traditional weak points of the Roman system, such as light missile troops and cavalry, with foreign specialists, especially as the richer classes took less and less part of military affairs and the Roman army lost much of its domestic calvary.
At the beginning of the Imperial period the number of legions was 60, which Augustus more than halved to 28, numbering at approximately 160,000 men. As more territory was conquered throughout the Imperial period, this fluctuated into the mid-thirties. At the same time, at the beginning of the Imperial period the foreign auxiliaries made up a rather small portion of the military, but continued to rise, so that by the end of the period of the Five Good Emperors they probably equalled the legionaires in number, giving a combined total of between 300,000 and 400,000 men in the Army.
The last major reform of the Imperial Army came under the reign of Diocletian in the late 3rd Century. During the instability that had marked most of that century, the army had fallen in number and lost much of its ability to effectively police and defend the empire. He quickly recruited a large number of men, increasing the number of legionaires from between 150,000-200,000 to 350,000-400,000, effectively doubling the number in a case of quantity over quality.
选项
A、soldiers should promised to be loyal to Augustus himself
B、citizens became the core of the army
C、generals still had absolute control of the army
D、file power of generals was relatively weakened
答案
C
解析
第一段讲到,在奥古斯塔统治时期,公民成为军队的核心,为了确保对军队的控制,他强迫士兵对其宣誓效忠,在他的统治下,军队相对而言是比较忠诚的,与之相应的就是将军们的权力相对被削弱。故选择C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Q9vO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofpassage?
MillionsofbooksandanInternet-basedcampusnetworkareavailablefortheUniversitystaffandstudents.
Accordingtopsychologists,acompulsivespenderwantstospendalotofmoneybecause:
Whenisadriverlikelytohaveasleep-relatedaccidentaccordingtoresearchers?
Whatdidthespeakerexpectoflifeinacountrytown?
WhichisNOTafactorindicatedforthelikelyextinctionofsomelanguages?
A、Theproductswereallmadefromfreshvegetablesandfruits.B、Thehomemadeproductswereactuallymadeinthefactory.C、The
YoumightthinkthathamburgerswereinventedintheUnitedStates,butthatisnottotallytrue.These【C1】______,orpatties,a
让人印象最深刻的人都是相同的。不管他们是在和朋友谈话或是在公众前演讲,他们的手势与他们的语言总是一致的。
GoalTrimmerUtopiasaresupposedtobedreamsofthefuture.ButtheAmericanUtopia?Latelyit’sadreamthatwas,atwili
随机试题
简述现代营销哲学面临的阻力。
()是会计产生和发展的基础。
由于内燃机是一种热能动力机械,因此在满足其动力性和经济性要求的前提下,必须保证具有足够的()。
A公司2009年1月1日起开始执行新会计准则体系,将所得税核算方法由应付税款法改为资产负债表债务法核算,适用的所得税税率为25%,考虑到技术进步因素。自2009年1月1日起将一套管理设备的使用年限由12年改为8年;同时将折旧方法由平均年限法改为年数总和法。
某市阀门公司在生产过程中排出的污水致孙某经营的鱼塘受损。为此,该市环保局经调查取证后拟对该公司作出罚款5万元、责令停产停业的决定。在作出决定之前,市环保局告知阀门公司作出决定的事实、理由及依据,并告知其有陈述申辩和要求组织听证的权利。市环保局应阀门公司的要
设A,B,C都是规阶方阵,且ABC=0,则()
PC机的串行通信接口(COM1、COM2)采用异步通信。异步通信的一帧信息包括起始位、数据位、奇偶校验位(可选)和______。
在考生文件夹下创建文件夹FRISBY,并将属性设置为“只读”。
十进制数18转换成二进制数是()。
A、Thenumberofthemdecreasesdramatically.B、Theymainlymovefromsouthstates.C、TheycometoChicagowithoutworkvisa.D、T
最新回复
(
0
)