首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical
admin
2013-02-16
81
问题
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical hypothesis is that hypnosis may be the product of "vivid imagination", a now discredited charge stemming from the observation that many people who are hypnotizable can be led to experience compellingly realistic auditory and visual hallucinations. Nothing that an auditory hallucination and the act of imagining a sound are both self-generated and that, like real hearing, a hallucination is experienced as the product of an external source, Henry Szechtman used PET(positron emission tomography)to image the brain activity of hypnotized subjects invited to imagine a scenario and then experiencing a hallucination. By monitoring regional blood flow in areas activated during both hearing and auditory hallucination but not during simple imagining, the investigators sought to determine where in the brain a hallucinated sound is mistakenly "tagged" as authentic and originating in the outside world.
Szechtman imaged the brain activity of eight very hypnotizable subjects who had been prescreened for their ability to hallucinate under hypnosis. During the session, the subjects were under hypnosis and lay in the PET scanner with their brain activity being monitored under four conditions: at rest;while hearing an audiotape of a voice, while imagining hearing the voice again;and during the auditory hallucination they experienced after being informed that the tape was playing once more, although it was not. The tests suggested that a region of the brain called the right anterior cingulate cortex was just as active while the volunteers were hallucinating as it was while they were actually hearing the stimulus. In contrast, that brain area remained dormant while the subjects were imagining that they heard the stimulus.
The second major objection raised by critics argues that hypnosis’ ability to blunt pain results from either simple relaxation or a placebo response. McGlashan established that while hypnosis was only as effective in reducing pain as a sugar pill for poorly hypnotizable people, highly hypnotizable subjects benefited three times more from hypnosis than from the placebo. In response to these successes, Rainville devised experiments to determine which brain structures are involved in pain relief during hypnosis, attempting to locate the brain structures associated with the suffering component of pain, as distinct from its sensory aspects. Using PET, he and other scientists found that hypnosis reduced the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex—an area known to be involved in pain—but did not affect the activity of the somatosensory cortex, where the sensations of pain are processed.
Despite the value of these findings, the mechanisms underlying hypnotic pain relief are still poorly understood. The model favored by most researchers is that the analgesic effect of hypnosis occurs in higher brain centers than those involved in registering the painful sensation, accounting for the fact that most autonomic responses that routinely accompany pain—such as increased heart rate — are relatively unaffected by hypnotic suggestions of analgesia.
It can be inferred that researchers abandoned the skeptical "vivid imagination" hypothesis because
选项
A、a new and more attractive hypothesis was suggested.
B、research results provided evidence to counter the hypothesis.
C、no research was reported that supported the hypothesis.
D、the hypothesis was supported only by Szechtman’s study, and not McGlashan’s.
答案
B
解析
细节题目。问的是丰富想象力假说不被承认的原因。文章提到“stemming from the observation thatmany people who are hypnotizable Can be led to experience compellingly realistic auditory and visual hallucinations”,由此可知是实验结果推翻了这一假说。所以正确答案是B选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/QEmO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Anotherhazardwasthatbottlessometimesfellofftheshelvesbecauseof______fromabove.
Governmentsthatwanttheirpeopletoprosperintheburgeoningworldeconomyshouldguaranteetwobasicfights:therighttopr
Travellingandmeetingnewpeople______themindofyoungpeople.
Inordertohelpthestudentsgetabetterunderstandingofthenewconception,theprofessor____itwithmanyexamples.
Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirres
Itisnotoftenrealizedthatwomen【1】ahighplaceinsouthernEuropeansocietiesinthe10thand11thcenturies.Asa【2】,thew
Itisnotoftenrealizedthatwomen【1】ahighplaceinsouthernEuropeansocietiesinthe10thand11thcenturies.Asa【2】,thew
ResearchersatChildren’sHospitalofPittsburghannouncedtheyhaddiscovered______evidencethatavirusisinvolvedinwhat
【T1】上周四,世界观察研究学会一年一度的“地球健康体检”报告出炉。2005年,地球的森林砍伐量创历史新高,这是该报告强调的众多环境问题征兆之一。该驻华盛顿智囊机构在一份题为“地球生命征兆2007—2008”的报告中指出,从肉类消费量的不断增长到
随机试题
根据《商业银行资本管理办法(试行)》相关规定,下列属于商业银行核心一级资本的是()。
ELISA试验时,邻苯二胺(()PD)常用作辣根过氧化物酶的供氢体,其反应产物的颜色为
循位于足背,第一、二趾间缝纹端的腧穴是
某经济特区内一家外商投资企业以企业自用的名义进口了一辆客车,进口后即无偿捐给当地的一个社会福利院,半年后被海关发现。因该企业系从事公益事业活动,海关不得对此进行处罚。( )
下列不属于对小学数学课堂教学过程的评价维度的是().
A、 B、 C、 D、 C
Asmillionsoffamiliesplansummervisits,theworld’sfirst,oldest,largest,andmostenviedcollectionofnationalparksis
OptimismamongtheUK’sbanksandbuildingsocietieshassoaredoverthepastthreemonthsasfirmsgrewprofitsandtookonmor
已知有关系R(A,B,C),现使用如下语句建立索引:createuniqueclusteredindexidxlonR(A)。则下列说法中正确的是()。
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)Directions:Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequ
最新回复
(
0
)