首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Migration and Business I. Migration Map—sharp lines divide up the world Real world-—no (1)______between lands II. Two changes of
Migration and Business I. Migration Map—sharp lines divide up the world Real world-—no (1)______between lands II. Two changes of
admin
2013-04-23
35
问题
Migration and Business
I. Migration
Map—sharp lines divide up the world Real world-—no (1)______between lands
II. Two changes of diasporas
A. They become much bigger
B. Because of cheap flights and communications, people can
(2)______with the places they came from
Reasons: three (3)______
1. they speed the flow of information across borders
2. they foster trust
3. they help people (4)______each other
III. Migration and (5)______
A. Immigrants account for an eighth of America’s population but
a quarter of (6)______firms between 1995 and 2005 were
started by an immigrant.
B. Exile itself has the effect
In an experiment, (7)______of the migrants saw the solution
against 42% of non-migrants.
C. Diaspora ties help (8)______to collaborate
example:
Godrej worked on a fridge for (9)______
IV. Hyperconnectivity, (10)______to today’s networked diasporas
Migrants are connected instantaneously, continuously, dynamically and intimately to their communities of origin.
Migration and Business
Today, we’ll talk about migration, diasporas and business.
In the flat world map, sharp lines show where one country ends and another begins. The real world is more fluid. (1) Peoples do not have borders the way that parcels of land do. They migrate.
Consider the difference between China and the Chinese people, one is an enormous country in Asia, the other is a nation that spans the planet. More Chinese people live outside mainland China than French people live in France, with some to be found in almost every country. Then there are some 22 million ethnic Indians scattered across every continent. Hundreds of smaller diasporas knit together far-flung lands: the Lebanese in west Africa and Latin America, the Japanese in Brazil and Peru, the smiling Mormons who knock on your door wherever you live.
Diasporas have been a part of the world for millennia. Today two changes are making them matter much more. First, they are far bigger than they were. The world has some 215 million first-generation migrants, 40% more than in 1990. If migrants were a nation, they would be the world’s fifth-largest.
Second, thanks to cheap flights and communications, people can now stay in touch with the places they came from. A century ago, a migrant might board a ship, sail to America and never see his friends or family again. Today, he texts his mother while still waiting to clear customs. He can wire his money in minutes. He can follow news from his hometown on his laptop. He can fly home regularly to visit relatives or invest his earnings in a new business.
Such migrants do not merely benefit from all the new channels for communication that technology provides; they allow this technology to come into its own, fulfilling its potential to link the world together in a way that it never could if everyone stayed put behind the lines on maps. No other social networks offer the same global reach or commercial opportunity.
This is because the diaspora networks have three lucrative virtues. First, they speed the flow of information across borders: a Chinese businessman in South Africa who sees a demand for plastic vuvuzelas will quickly inform his cousin who runs a factory in China.
Second, they foster trust. That Chinese factory-owner will believe what his cousin tells him, and act on it fast, perhaps sealing a deal worth millions with a single conversation on Skype.
Third, and most important, diasporas create connections that help people with good ideas collaborate with each other, both within and across ethnicities.
Then, there’s the relationship between migration and creativity.
Immigrants are only an eighth of America’s population, but a quarter of the engineering and technology firms started there between 1995 and 2005 had an immigrant founder, according to Vivek Wadhwa of Duke University.
The exceptional creativity of immigrants doubtless reflects the sort of people who up sticks and get visas. But work by William Maddux of 1NSEAD and Adam Galinsky of Northwestern University suggests that exile itself makes people creative.
They compared MBA students who had lived abroad with otherwise similar students who had not, using an experiment in which each was given a candle, a box of matches and a box of drawing pins. The students’ task was to attach the candle to a wall so that it burned properly and did not drip wax on the table or the floor. This Duncker candle problem, as it is known, is considered a good test of creativity because it requires you to imagine something being used for a purpose quite different from its usual one. (7) Some 60% of the migrants saw the solution against 42% of non-migrants.
The creativity of migrants is enhanced by their ability to enroll collaborators both far-off and nearby. In Silicon Valley, more than half of Chinese and Indian scientists and engineers share tips about technology or business opportunities with people in their home countries, according to AnnaLee Saxenian of the University of California, Berkeley. A study by the Kauffman Foundation, a think-tank, found that 84% of returning Indian entrepreneurs maintain at least monthly contact with family and friends in America, and 66% are in contact at least that often with former colleagues. For entrepreneurs who return to China, the figures are 81% and 55%.
Diaspora ties help businesses to collaborate. What may be the world’s cheapest fridge was conceived from a marriage of ideas generated by Indians in India and Indians overseas. Uttam Ghoshal, Himanshu Pokharna and Ayan Guha, three Indian-American engineers, had an idea for a cooling engine, based on technology used to cool laptop computers, that they thought might work in a fridge. In India visiting relatives they decided to show their idea to Go-drej & Boyce, an Indian manufacturing firm.
Mr. Pokharna wheedled an introduction from a young member of the Godrej family, exploiting the fact that both had been at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton business school. (9) They discovered that Godrej was already working on a cheap fridge for rural Indians too poor to fork out the $200 normally required, let alone the subsequent electric bills.
Jamshyd Godrej, the firm’s chairman, was determined to make a cheap battery-powered fridge. With the help of Mr. Ghoshal’s cooling chip, his team produced the "little cool" light, portable, small and cheap. Mr. Ghoshal’s firm in Texas, Sheetak Inc, is working with Godrej to make it more efficient.
The "new type of hyperconnectivity" that enables such projects is fundamental to today’s networked diasporas. Migrants are now connected instantaneously, continuously, dynamically and intimately to their communities of origin. This is a fundamental and profound break from the past eras of migration. The break explains why diasporas, always marginalized in the flat-map world of national territories, find themselves in the thick of things as the world becomes networked.
We’ve talked about the changes of diasporas, why diaspora networks are effective and how migrations can help business. Any questions?
选项
答案
borders/boundaries/demarcation
解析
细节题。作者一开始将真实世界与地图作比较,地图上有明确的分界线,而现实世界人们不停迁徙,没有界限。从而引出主题。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/QG4O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
GeneralChiarellisaidthat164active-dutyArmy,NationalGuard,andReservetroopstooktheirownlivesin2011,comparedto1
Oldermenconsideringroboticsurgeryforprostatecancershouldn’ttrusttherosyadspromotingtheexpensivetechnologyoverl
TheInteriorPlainsliebetween______and______.
______iscommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultures(theirculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenough
Intheyearsfollowingthe1977DietaryGoalsandthe1982NationalAcademyofSciencesreportondietandcancer,thefoodindu
Itoftenhappensthatanumberofapplicantswithalmostidenticalqualificationsandexperienceallapplyforthesamepos
TheFDAmayrescinditsapprovalofAvastin,acolon-cancerdrug.Ifthesummerof2009wastheseasonof"deathpanels,"as
AftertheGloriousRevolutioncametheAgeof______,amonarchywithpowerslimitedbytheParliament.
WhendidthetropicalstormLeecomeintobeing?
36.______hasbeencalledthe"cradleofAmericanliberty".
随机试题
编写函数fun,它的功能是:求小于形参n同时能被3与7整除的所有自然数之和的平方根,并作为函数值返回。例如,若n为1000时,程序输出应为:S=153.909064。注意:部分源程序在文件PROG1.C中。请勿改动主函数mai
下列属于更新改造投资项目的有()。
依据《特种作业人员安全技术培训考核管理规定》,特种作业人员操作证一般每3年复审1次。下列关于特种作业操作证复审的说法,正确的是()。
采用实际利率法对分期付息的持有至到期投资进行利息调整的摊销时,若其账面价值逐期递增或递减,则每期实际利息收入也是逐期递增或递减的。()
你所在的县地处偏僻,但是自然风光独特,之前的旅游景点由于交通不便导致游客很少,现在刚好附近开发了一条高速公路。领导希望借此宣传你们县的旅游景点,并把这个宣传的工作交给了你。请问。你会怎么进行宣传?
结合材料回答问题:材料11月17日,国家主席习近平在达沃斯国际会议中心出席世界经济论坛2017年年会开幕式,并发表题为《共担时代责任共促全球发展》的主旨演讲。习近平说:“这是最好的时代,也是最坏的时代”,英国文学家狄更斯曾这样描述工业革命发生后的世界
打开考生文件夹下的演示文稿yswg.PPtx,按照下列要求完成对此文稿的修饰并保存。1.第一张幻灯片的版式改为“两栏内容",文本设置为23磅字,将考生文件夹下的文件pptl.png插入第一张幻灯片右侧内容区域,且设置幻灯片最佳比例。在第一张幻灯片前插入一
搜索考生文件夹下的ABC.XLS文件,然后将其复制到考生文件夹下的LAB文件夹中。
ThemainideaofthiswritingisthatThurgoodMarshall______.WhatpositiondidThurgoodMarshallretirefrom?
Thewaythatpeoplespendtheirmoney,andtheobjectsonwhichtheyspendit,arethelast【C1】______ wherefreechoiceandindi
最新回复
(
0
)