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  3. Rob a bank and you risk a long stretch in jail. Run a bank whose dubious behavior leads to global economic collapse and you risk

Rob a bank and you risk a long stretch in jail. Run a bank whose dubious behavior leads to global economic collapse and you risk

admin2021-12-15  26
问题     Rob a bank and you risk a long stretch in jail. Run a bank whose dubious behavior leads to global economic collapse and you risk nothing of the sort, more likely a handsome pay-off.
    Illegal and dangerous mistakes associated with the financial industry have caused serious harm to the US and world economies. The scandals keep coming—rate rigging, money laundering, mis-selling and sanctions busting. The backlash (反对) against the industry shows no sign of easing.
    So given the scale of damage and public anger, fuelled by the industry’s bonus culture, it is curious that those responsible have largely avoided punishment in the traditional judicial sense, despite the demand for it.
    That we so want those involved to get their just deserts has its roots in ancient human forms of social control, which led to our modern sense of morality.
    In their fundamental, hunter-gatherer forms, crime and punishment surely go back for tens of millennia (千年). The case has been made that by 45,000 years ago, or possibly earlier, people were practicing moralistic (说教的) social control much as we do.
    Without exception, investigators that still exist today and best reflect this ancient way of life exert aggressive watch over their peers for the good of the group. Economic villains are mainly bullies who use threats or force to benefit themselves, along with thieves and cheats.
    All are free-riders who take without giving, and all are punished by the group. This can range from mere criticism or ostracism (放逐) to active shaming, ejection or even capital punishment. This moral behavior was reinforced over the millennia that such egalitarian (平等主义的) bands dominated human life.
    Then around 12,000 years ago, larger, still—egalitarian sedentary (定居的) tribes arrived with greater needs for centralized control. Eventually clusters of tribes formed authoritative chiefdoms. Next came early civilizations, with centrally prescribed and powerfully enforced moral orders. One thing tied these and modern, state-based moral systems to what came before and that was the human capacity for moral indignation. It remains strong today.
    So there is an inevitable discontentment when bankers seem to "get away with it", offending this instinctive moral corrective sense.
    And ultimately, such public opinion should strongly influence how we police fiscal deviants—but there are complicating factors that suggest this instinct is being undermined when it comes to taming the most harmful behavior in the banking world.
The author’s attitude towards the effectiveness of the instinct of moral standards is_____
选项 A、positive
B、indifferent
C、disappointed
D、objective
答案D
解析 由题干关键词instinct和moral standards定位到最后一段。观点态度题。定位段提到，一些复杂的因素表明，在抑制金融界那些最具破坏力的行为的过程中，这种本能正在受到破坏。因此作者对道德标准的本能态度既肯定其有用的方面，又指出其潜在的风险，作者的态度比较客观，故D)为正确答案。
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