首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
We may do something with the best of intentions, and sometimes even accomplish the good toward which we aim. Yet, at the same ti
We may do something with the best of intentions, and sometimes even accomplish the good toward which we aim. Yet, at the same ti
admin
2014-06-13
59
问题
We may do something with the best of intentions, and sometimes even accomplish the good toward which we aim. Yet, at the same time, we are all too often surprised by results that didn’t occur to us beforehand. The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 started out with the best of intentions. But now it is under increasing scrutiny by swelling ranks of critics. The primary concern is that its original intent — to infuse the American marketplace with the fruits of academic innovation — has distorted the fundamental mission of universities.
In the past, discovery for its own sake provided academic motivation, but today’s universities function more like corporate research laboratories. Rather than freely sharing techniques and results, researchers increasingly keep new findings under wraps to maintain a competitive edge. What used to be peer-reviewed is now proprietary. "Share and share alike" has degenerated into "every laboratory for itself. "
"Bayh-Dole tore down the taboos that existed against universities engaging in overtly commercial activity. Universities really thought that they were going to make it rich," said Jennifer Wasrhburn, author of "University Inc. : The Corporate Corruption of Higher Education". "Each school was convinced that if they came up with that one blockbuster invention, they could solve all their financial problems. "
Ms. Washburn says that was "extremely wrong-headed. " Initially reacting to the law by slapping patents on every possible innovation, universities quickly discovered that patents were an expensive proposition. The fees and legal costs involved in obtaining a single patent can run upward of $ 15,000, and that doesn’t count the salaries of administrative staff members. Instead of bringing home the bacon, university tech transfer offices were throwing money into the void with little hope of returns.
To date, Ms. Washburn says, data gathered by the Association of University Technology Managers show that fewer than half of the 300 research universities actively seeking patents have managed to break even from technology transfer efforts. Instead, two-thirds of the revenue tracked by the association has gone to only 13 institutions.
Part of the problem has been a lingering misunderstanding about where the value lies in innovation. Patenting a new basic science technique, or platform technology, puts it out of the reach of graduate students who might have made tremendous progress using it. Similarly, exclusive licensing of a discovery to a single company thwarts that innovation’s use in any number of other fields.
The issue is further clouded by "reach through" licenses, complex arrangements used by many tech transfer offices. A reach-through lets the patent holder claim a share of any profits that result from using, say, an enabling technology, even if those profits come several steps down the market transfer line.
Perhaps the most troublesome aspect of campus commercialization is that research decisions are now being based on possible profits, not on the inherent value of knowledge. "Blue sky" research — the kind of basic experimentation that leads to a greater understanding of how the world works — has largely been set aside in favor of projects considered to have more immediate market potential. In academia’s continuing pursuit of profit, the wonder of simple serendipitous discovery has been left on the curb. [510 words]
An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be______.
选项
A、Fors and Againsts of "Campus Commercialization"
B、Costs and Benefits of Holding Patents
C、When Academia Puts Profit Ahead of Wonder
D、When Universities Lose Their Edge in Innovation
答案
C
解析
本题考查作者观点。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/QKO4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
WhyareChinesevocationalgradsinferiortotheirWesterncounterparts?Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsvocationaleduca
With22yearsonthejob,JackieBraceycouldbeconsideredacareeremployeeoftheInternalRevenueService.Butshedefiesan
Thesedays,housepricevertigoismorethanalocalornationalcondition.It’saworldwidephenomenon.(46)TheAmericanho
ForgetIraqandbudgetdeficits.ThemostseriouspoliticalproblemonbothsidesoftheAtlanticisnoneofthese.Itisadiff
Accordingtoparagraph1,theinsider’sattitudetowardsGoogleIPOcanbesaidtobeIfGiggleIPOworks,
Modernliberalopinionissensitivetoproblemsofrestrictionoffreedomandabuseofpower.(1)_____,manyholdthatamancan
Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoil
EarlierthisyearImetwithagroupofwomeninMatela,asmallfarmingvillageinTanzania,andwediscussedsomethingthat’s
EuropeansandAmericansalikehavecertainromanticnotionsaboutSweden.Weimagineitasalandofliberal-mindedpeoplelivin
Manypeopleconsiderthewideruseofbiofuelsapromisingwayofreducingtheamountofsurpluscarbondioxide(C02)beingpump
随机试题
腹腔干的分支包括()。
属于手少阳三焦经的穴位有()。
Mostpeoplehavenoideaofthehardworkandworrythatthecollectingofthosefascinatingbirdsandanimalsthosetheypayto
康复医学的治疗对象主要是
关于贫血的治疗原则,以下哪项不正确
下列说法中,正确的有()。Ⅰ.根据《证券法》规定,注册资本在人民币1亿元以上的证券公司方可进行自营业务Ⅱ.从事自营业务时,证券公司必须先同时拥有资金和证券Ⅲ.自营业务是具备资格的证券公司以盈利为目的,为自己投资证券的经营行为Ⅳ.证券公司自营
中运公司和绿源公司均为增值税一般纳税人,适用的增值税税率均为17%。中运公司于2010年9月30向绿源公司销售一批产品,应收绿源公司的货款为4680万元(含增值税)。绿源公司同日开出一张期限为6个月,票面年利率为6%的商业承兑汇票。在票据到期日,绿源公司没
语文课程必须根据学生身心发展和语文学习的特点,爱护学生的好奇心、求知欲,鼓励_______、_______。
按照我国刑法的规定,紧急避险不负刑事责任,但其构成要件有明确的规定,关于紧急避险的构成要件,下列表述不正确的是()。
Itcouldbeinferredthatthewriterthinksthat,incomparisonwiththemovementofmillionsofhungryandjoblesspeoplefrom
最新回复
(
0
)