首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
We may do something with the best of intentions, and sometimes even accomplish the good toward which we aim. Yet, at the same ti
We may do something with the best of intentions, and sometimes even accomplish the good toward which we aim. Yet, at the same ti
admin
2014-06-13
60
问题
We may do something with the best of intentions, and sometimes even accomplish the good toward which we aim. Yet, at the same time, we are all too often surprised by results that didn’t occur to us beforehand. The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 started out with the best of intentions. But now it is under increasing scrutiny by swelling ranks of critics. The primary concern is that its original intent — to infuse the American marketplace with the fruits of academic innovation — has distorted the fundamental mission of universities.
In the past, discovery for its own sake provided academic motivation, but today’s universities function more like corporate research laboratories. Rather than freely sharing techniques and results, researchers increasingly keep new findings under wraps to maintain a competitive edge. What used to be peer-reviewed is now proprietary. "Share and share alike" has degenerated into "every laboratory for itself. "
"Bayh-Dole tore down the taboos that existed against universities engaging in overtly commercial activity. Universities really thought that they were going to make it rich," said Jennifer Wasrhburn, author of "University Inc. : The Corporate Corruption of Higher Education". "Each school was convinced that if they came up with that one blockbuster invention, they could solve all their financial problems. "
Ms. Washburn says that was "extremely wrong-headed. " Initially reacting to the law by slapping patents on every possible innovation, universities quickly discovered that patents were an expensive proposition. The fees and legal costs involved in obtaining a single patent can run upward of $ 15,000, and that doesn’t count the salaries of administrative staff members. Instead of bringing home the bacon, university tech transfer offices were throwing money into the void with little hope of returns.
To date, Ms. Washburn says, data gathered by the Association of University Technology Managers show that fewer than half of the 300 research universities actively seeking patents have managed to break even from technology transfer efforts. Instead, two-thirds of the revenue tracked by the association has gone to only 13 institutions.
Part of the problem has been a lingering misunderstanding about where the value lies in innovation. Patenting a new basic science technique, or platform technology, puts it out of the reach of graduate students who might have made tremendous progress using it. Similarly, exclusive licensing of a discovery to a single company thwarts that innovation’s use in any number of other fields.
The issue is further clouded by "reach through" licenses, complex arrangements used by many tech transfer offices. A reach-through lets the patent holder claim a share of any profits that result from using, say, an enabling technology, even if those profits come several steps down the market transfer line.
Perhaps the most troublesome aspect of campus commercialization is that research decisions are now being based on possible profits, not on the inherent value of knowledge. "Blue sky" research — the kind of basic experimentation that leads to a greater understanding of how the world works — has largely been set aside in favor of projects considered to have more immediate market potential. In academia’s continuing pursuit of profit, the wonder of simple serendipitous discovery has been left on the curb. [510 words]
An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be______.
选项
A、Fors and Againsts of "Campus Commercialization"
B、Costs and Benefits of Holding Patents
C、When Academia Puts Profit Ahead of Wonder
D、When Universities Lose Their Edge in Innovation
答案
C
解析
本题考查作者观点。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/QKO4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
TheSouthdaleshoppingcentreinMinnesotahasanatrium,afoodcourt,fountainsandacresofparking.ItsshopsincludeaDair
Wal-Martisnowmountingaboldexpansionthatcoulddoubleitssaleswithinjustfiveyears,to$480billion.Someofthatgrow
WhyareChinesevocationalgradsinferiortotheirWesterncounterparts?Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsvocationaleduca
With22yearsonthejob,JackieBraceycouldbeconsideredacareeremployeeoftheInternalRevenueService.Butshedefiesan
Themainideaofthepassageisabout______.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?
Thefirsttwostagesinthedevelopmentofcivilizedmanwereprobablytheinventionofprimitiveweaponsandthediscoveryoff
Britishcancerresearchershavefoundthatchildhoodleukemiaiscausedbyaninfectionandclustersofcasesaroundindustrial
Theriseofmultinationalcorporations,globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferencesha
Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoil
In1939twobrothers,MacandDickMcDonald,startedadrive-inrestaurantinSanBernadino,California.Theycarefullychosea
随机试题
正常心脏后前位不易观察到的是
右下腹疼痛拒按,或右足屈而不伸,伸则痛甚,甚则局部肿痞,或时时发热,自汗恶寒,舌苔薄腻而黄,脉滑数。方剂选用
气雾剂的优点有()。
《建设工程安全生产管理条例》制定的基本法律依据包括()。
若企业不打算享受现金折扣优惠,则应尽量推迟付款的时间。()
如果会计师事务所非审计项目组成员的主要近亲属,通过继承从审计客户获得直接经济利益,则()。
《与朱元思书》是八年级下册第五单元的一篇课文,如果让你给八年级的学生执教这篇课文,你会怎么做呢?请按要求完成后面的题目:附:《与朱元思书》课文与朱元思书①
缺陷补偿,是指个体在充当社会角色时不可能事事成功,当自我角色目标失败时,常常可能会对相关的社会角色的重要性做重新评价,从而进行自我定义以补偿自己角色缺陷。根据上述定义,下列属于缺陷补偿的是()。
求|cos(x+y)|dxdy,其中D={(x,y)|
A、Assoonasshestarteduniversity.B、Aftershedidsomeresearch.C、Aftershetookaliteraturecourse.D、Whenshemetagood
最新回复
(
0
)