首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Philosophy of Logical Analysis Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If th
Philosophy of Logical Analysis Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If th
admin
2013-04-25
94
问题
Philosophy of Logical Analysis
Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If there is to be anything that can be called "perception", it must be in some degree an effect of the object perceived, and it must more or less resemble the object if it is to be a source of knowledge of the object. The first requisite can only be fulfilled if there are causal chains which are, to a greater or lesser extent, independent of the rest of the world. According to physics, this is the case.
Modern analytical empiricism differs from that of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume by its incorporation of mathematics and its development of a powerful logical technique. It is thus able, in regard to certain problems, to achieve definite answers, which have the quality of science rather than philosophy.
It has the advantage; as compared with philosophies of system-builders, of being able to tackle its problems one at a time, instead of having to invent at one stroke a block theory of the whole universe.
Its methods, in this respect, resemble those of science.
There remains, however, a vast field, traditionally included in philosophy, where scientific methods are inadequate. This field includes ultimate questions of value; science alone, for example, cannot prove that it is bad to enjoy the infliction cruelty. Whatever can be known, can be known by means of science; but things which are legitimately matters of feeling lie outside its province.
Philosophy, throughout its history, has consisted of two parts inharmoniously blended: on the one hand, a theory as to the nature of the world, on the other hand, an ethical or political doctrine as to the best way of living.
(A)The failure to separate these two with sufficient clarity has been a source of much confused thinking.
(B)Philosophers, from Plato to William James, have allowed their opinions as to the constitution of the universe to be influenced by the desire for
edification
: knowing, as they supposed, what beliefs would make men virtuous, they have invented arguments, often very sophisticated, to prove that these beliefs are true.
(C)Morally, a philosopher who uses his professional competence for anything except a disinterested search for truth is guilty of a kind of treachery. And when he assumes, in advance of inquiry, that certain beliefs, whether true or false, are such as to promote good behavior, he is so limiting the scope of philosophical speculation as to make philosophy trivial; the true philosopher is prepared to examine all preconceptions.
(D)When any limits are placed, consciously or unconsciously, upon the pursuit of truth, philosophy becomes
paralyzed
by fear, and the ground is prepared for a government censorship punishing those who utter "dangerous thoughts" -in fact, the philosopher has already placed such a censorship over his own investigations.
Intellectually, the effect of mistaken moral considerations upon philosophy has been to impede progress to an extraordinary extent. I do not myself believe that philosophy can either prove or disapprove the truth of religious dogmas, but ever since Plato most philosophers have considered it part of their business to produce "proofs" of immortality and the existence of God. They have found fault with the proofs of their predecessors—Saint Thomas rejected Saint Anselm’s proofs, and Kant rejected Descartes’—but they have supplied new ones of their own. In order to make their proofs seem valid, they have had to falsify logic, to make mathematics mystical, and to pretend that deep-seated prejudices were heaven-sent intuitions.
All this is rejected by the philosophers who make logical analysis the main business of philosophy. They confess frankly that the human intellect is of profound importance to mankind, but they refuse to believe that there is some "higher" way of knowing, by which we can discover truths hidden from science and the intellect. For this renunciation, they have been rewarded by the discovery that many questions, formerly obscured by the fog of metaphysics, can be answered with precision, and by objective methods which .introduce nothing of the philosophers’ temperament except the desire to understand. Take such questions as. What is a number? What are space and time? What is mind, and what is matter? I do not say that we can here and now give definite answers to all these ancient questions, but I do say that a method has been discovered by which, as in science, we can make successive approximations to the truth.
The philosophical method mentioned by the author in Paragraph 6 is said to be able to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.
选项
A、reducing fanaticism
B、increasing mutual understanding
C、ceasing to suggest the way of life
D、ceasing to inspire a way of life
答案
B
解析
本题为正误判断题。题目问:作者认为哲学的方法不能够解决下列哪一个问题?根据全文中心思想和第五段“but ever since Plato most philosophers have considered it part of their business to produce ’proofs’ of immortality and the existence of God. They have found fault with the proofs of their predecessors...In order to make their proofs seem valid, they have had to falsify logic, to make mathematics mystical, and to pretend that deep seated prejudices were heaven-sent intuitions”,尤其是第六段“All this is rejected by the philosophers who make logical analysis the main business of philosophy”可知,哲学家们所采用的哲学方法是排除感情因素的逻辑分析法。选项A(减少狂热)、选项C(停止对生活方式提出建议)、选项D(停止启发生活方式)都属于排除感情因素的方面,而选项B(增加相互理解)的意思与前三者相反,所以选项B为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/QMyO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingpassage?Inboxesonyouranswersheet,writeTRUE
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingpassage?Inboxesonyouranswersheet,writeTRUE
TheStudyofChimpanzeeCultureA.Afterstudyingthesimilaritiesbetweenchimpanzeesandhumansforyears,researchershav
AccordingtoMrSingh,onwhichthingdomanypeoplemakesuperficialobservations?AccordingtoMrSingh,howquicklydocultu
Whichmemberormembersofthespeaker’sfamilyhavehealthproblems?Altogether,thenumberofpeopleinthespeaker’sholiday
Whichmemberormembersofthespeaker’sfamilyhavehealthproblems?Whydidn’tthefamilygotoRotorua?
YouwantthepersonyouarecallingintheUKtopayforthecall.Youwanttocallaplacewherethereareproblemscallingt
TheproblemthatConstableGraydescribesis
TheproblemthatConstableGraydescribesis
随机试题
Howarabbitstudyandanex-studentboostmyhopesforafutureof‘loveanddignity’A)Atwhatevergradelevelteachersfind
将脉冲一反射系统的增益提高,可使B型超声回声增强,其作用原理是
在下列肾小球肾炎中,以肾小球内线状免疫荧光为特征的是
患者,男,67岁。脱疽日久,面容无华,形体消瘦,五心烦热,趾部坏死组织脱落后,创面生长缓慢,经久不愈,舌淡,脉细无力。其治法是
埋弧焊焊接使用的焊丝其表面镀铜,主要作用包括()。
可变利率抵押贷款利率每次调整上限通常为(),在整个贷款期限内贷款利率的调整上限为5%~6%,调整下限则可以由借贷双方协商确定。
Itwaswithgreatjoy______heknewthathisGMATscorewas670,highenoughtoapplytoatopuniversityofbusiness.
某商场以每件120元的成本价进货80件裙子,按获利定价。裙子售出后,剩下的打5折售完。该商场销售这批裙子共获利多少元?
以下哪个协议是路由协议?()
收发电子邮件的条件是______。
最新回复
(
0
)