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  3. Participation in classrooms is not only accepted but also expected from the students in many courses. Some professors base part

Participation in classrooms is not only accepted but also expected from the students in many courses. Some professors base part

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问题    Participation in classrooms is not only accepted but also expected from the students in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the students’ oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i. e. listening and taking notes) , many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures. In graduate seminars the professor has a " managerial" role and the students make presentations and lead discussions. The students do the actual teaching in these seminars.
   A professor’ s teaching style is another factor that determines the degree and type of student participation. Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without dominating it. Many professors encourage students to question and challenge their ideas: students who make assertions that contradict the professor’ s point of view should be prepared to supply evidence to their positions.
   In the teaching of sciences and mathematics, the dominant mode of instruction is generally traditional, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes. However, new educational trends have emerged in the humanities and social sciences in the past two decades. Students in education, sociology, and psychology classes, for example, are often required to solve problems in groups, design projects, make presentations, and examine case studies. Since some college or university courses are " applied" rather than theoretical, they stress " doing" and involvement.
Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected from the students in many courses except in______.
选项 A、seminar courses
B、the humanities and social sciences
C、informal lecture courses
D、science and mathematics
答案D
解析 根据第三段第一句“In the teaching of sciences and mathematics…with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes．”可知，自然科学学科和数 学学科的教学，通常是老师讲课，学生做笔记的传统模式，其他三项均需要学生的课 堂参与。故选D。
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