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  3. In order to reduce dependence on imported oil, the government of Jalica has imposed minimum fuel-efficiency requirements on all

In order to reduce dependence on imported oil, the government of Jalica has imposed minimum fuel-efficiency requirements on all

admin2019-11-17  69
问题 In order to reduce dependence on imported oil, the government of Jalica has imposed minimum fuel-efficiency requirements on all new cars, beginning this year. The more fuel-efficient a car, the less pollution it produces per mile driven. As Jalicans replace their old cars with cars that meet the new requirements, annual pollution from car traffic is likely to decrease in Jalica.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
选项 A、In Jalica, domestically produced oil is more expensive than imported oil.
B、The Jalican government did not intend the new fuel-efficiency requirement to be a pollution-reduction measure.
C、Some pollution-control devices mandated in Jalica make cars less fuel-efficient than they would be without those devices.
D、The new regulation requires no change in the chemical formulation of fuel for cars in Jalica.
E、Jalicans who get cars that are more fuel-efficient tend to do more driving than before.
答案E
解析 Argument Evaluation
Situation The Jalican government is requiring all new cars to meet minimum fuel-efficiency requirements starting this year. Cars that are more fuel efficient produce less pollution per mile driven.
Reasoning What evidence would suggest that annual pollution from car traffic will not decrease in Jalica, despite the new policy? Air pollution from car traffic is unlikely to decrease if the new standards will result in more cars on the road or more miles driven per car; or if air pollution from car traffic in Jalica is increasing because of unrelated factors such as growing numbers of Jalicans who can afford cars, construction of more roads, etc. Evidence that any of these factors is present would cast doubt on the argument’s conclusion and thus weaken the argument.
A The question at issue is not whether the new policy will reduce dependence on imported oil as the government intends, but rather whether it will reduce air pollution from car traffic.
B A government policy may have consequences that the government did not intend it to have.
C Even if these pollution-control devices make cars less fuel efficient, the new fuel-efficiency standards may still improve cars’ average fuel efficiency and thereby reduce air pollution.
D Even if the fuel is unchanged, the new fuel-efficiency standards may still result in cars using less fuel and may thereby reduce air pollution.
E Correct. If the new fuel-efficient cars are driven more miles per year than older cars are, they may produce as much or more pollution per year than older cars do even though they produce less pollution per mile driven.
The correct answer is E.
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