中美贸易之所以能够迅速发展,根本原因在于两国经济具有极大的互补性。这种互补性,很大程度上来自两国资源条件、经济结构以及消费水平存在着很大的差异。中国是最大的发展中国家,市场广阔,发展迅速,劳动力成本低,但资金短缺、科技和管理相对落后。美国是最大的发达国家,

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问题     中美贸易之所以能够迅速发展,根本原因在于两国经济具有极大的互补性。这种互补性,很大程度上来自两国资源条件、经济结构以及消费水平存在着很大的差异。中国是最大的发展中国家,市场广阔,发展迅速,劳动力成本低,但资金短缺、科技和管理相对落后。美国是最大的发达国家,经济总量大,资本充足,科技发达,但劳动力成本高。这种差异性和互补性,将在今后长期存在,在经济全球化的大背景下显得更加突出。这些是中美贸易能够持续发展的客观基础。
    中国有一句描写登山感受的古诗:“会当凌绝顶,一览众山小”。我们对待中美贸易问题,要有这种高瞻远瞩的战略眼光。诸如中美贸易逆差问胚,人民币汇率问题,知识产权保护问题,是可以取得共识,也是可以逐步得到解决的。滔滔长河有时会卷起旋涡,漫漫历史进程难免会发生波折。只要双方有诚意,这类问题完全可以通过平等协商和扩大合作来加以解决。毕竟,互利共赢的经贸关系,不仅给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益,而且成为中美关系发展的重要基础和强大动力。

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答案 The reason for such a rapid growth in China-US trade lies, in the final analysis, in the high degree of complementarity of the two economies, which, to a large extent, stems from their big differences in economic resources, economic structures and consumption levels. China is the world’s largest developing country with a huge market, fast development and a low cost of labor, but short in capital and relatively backward in technology and management. On the other hand, the US is the world’s largest developed country, big in economic size, abundant in capital, and advanced in science and technology. But the cost of labor in the US is very high. Such diversity and complementarity will remain for a long time, and are likely to feature more prominently in the ongoing economic globalization. This, in my view, is the material basis for the sustained and rapid expansion of China-US trade. Depicting how climbers of the towering Mount Tai feel an ancient Chinese poem goes, "I must ascend the mountain’s crest; it dwarfs all peaks under my feet. " When approaching problems in China-US trade, we also need to take a strategic perspective of vision and foresight. Problems such as US trade deficit with China, the RMB exchange rate, and IPR protection, come along with expanded China-US trade, and they can be ironed out gradually since common understanding on them is entirely obtainable. As whirlpools are sometimes found in a surging river, the flows of history can also be interrupted by some occasional setbacks. So long as the two sides act in good faith, such problems can be resolved properly through equal consultation and expanded cooperation. After all, being mutually beneficial and win-win, China-US trade and economic ties have not only delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples, but underpinned the overall relationship, giving it a powerful driving force for a steady expansion.

解析     这两句话联系紧密,第二句的主语“这种互补性”为第一句结尾提到的重要信息,因此翻译时使用which引导定语从句,引出第二句的内容,使行文自然流畅、逻辑紧凑,同时增加了文章语言结构的多样性;“根本原因在于”这部分使用了介词for引出结果,然后使用固定搭配lie in引出原因;第二句中的“来自”同样引出原因,因此使用表示“根源在于,起源于”的stem from这一短语。
    上句话介绍了中国的经济发展、资源、劳动力和科技等发展情况,这一句介绍美国在这些方面的发展情况,主要是为了体现出两国之间的差异,即这句话和前一句话之间存在转折和对比的逻辑关系,翻译为英语时需要将这种隐藏的逻辑关系用连接词表现出来,因此添加连接成分on the other hand。
    “会当凌绝顶,一览众山小”出自杜甫的《望岳》,中文读者极为熟悉,可是英文读者对其并不了解,因此翻译时,需要适当地添加一些背景信息,将“登山感受”具体化为“登泰山感受”;“一览众山小”展现出了泰山的雄伟,使用动词dwarf一词,形象地表现出了其他山峰相对于泰山的低矮,生动体现出了诗歌所表达的意境。
    这句话中需要格外注意“卷起”和“发生”这两个动词。如果按照原文直接将“滔滔长河”处理为句子主语,很难找到一个能够与没有生命的主语搭配且体现“卷起”含义的动词,再加上名词“旋涡”本身就包含“卷起”之意,译文容易赘述,因此翻译时以“旋涡”做主,将原文的主动语态处理为英文中的被动语态。“波折”的出现会打断正常的历史进程,因此这里同样将原文的主动语态转换为被动语态,使用be interrupted by体现历史进程和波折之间的关系。
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