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  3. We would all appreciate a healthy work-life balance, but even those of us who try to relax outside the office are frustrated by

We would all appreciate a healthy work-life balance, but even those of us who try to relax outside the office are frustrated by

admin2019-08-08  41
问题    We would all appreciate a healthy work-life balance, but even those of us who try to relax outside the office are frustrated by the gentle chime of email at all hours. To our delight and horror, smart-phones and tablets have given us the flexibility to respond to work from anywhere, practically becoming one of the family. 【F1】Entrepreneurs and executives are known for a round-the-clock devotion to work, in contrast to the four-day-weekgurus, but what toll does availability take for those whose jobs require it?
   A recent study links extended work availability with decreased calmness, mood, and energy levels. 【F2】By looking at industries from technical services to nursing, the study evaluated the effects of being on-call—that is, not at work, but being expected to remain available by phone for questions or customer requests. Participants marked lower moods the morning after being on-call compared to mornings after days when they were not required to be available, which the researchers believe occurs because readiness to respond makes it harder to recover from work. The possibility alone hindered recovery from work.
   These results were strengthened by an association between psychology and physiology. Cortisol (皮质醇 ) is a stress hormone, and changes in Cortisol levels are associated with health problems. 【F3】While hunter-gatherers probably found these changes useful in preparing for predator attacks, today’s consensus is that the unavoidable daily stressors of modern life change Cortisol levels in ways more harmful than helpful.
   Some secrets to avoiding the damages of daily stress lie in the variation between people. In this study, there was wide variation in the effects on the participants. Some people experienced none at all. What accounts for this? That question has led to research in recent years on the flip side of stress, resilience. 【F4】The body’s response to stress is so complicated that looking at the people who cope well with stress may give more straightforward coping strategies than working from molecular scratch.
   Given the present knowledge of stress’s long-term effects on our health, we have two options to consider. We can reduce job stress or maximize recovery afterwards. 【F5】But so long as we are jumping to answer the phone when work calls, there is little chance of either happening. As eminent stress researcher Robert Sapolsky noted in a talk at UC Berkeley, not all stress is harmful, but duration is key. "Good stress is transient—it’s not for nothing that you don’t have roller coaster rides going for three weeks."
【F2】
选项
答案通过调查从技术服务到看护等不同行业，这项研究评估了始终处于待命状态的影响——所谓始终处于待命状态也就是说，不处于工作时间，但需要随时通过手机回应工作疑问或客户需求。
解析 ①此句虽然较长，但结构不算特别复杂。句子主干为主谓宾结构，宾语后接介词结构作其后置定语，补充说明研究评估的是being on-call的影响，being on-call由be on call转变而来，意思是“待命，随叫随到”；句首的By…为方式状语，说明the study开展评估的方式；industries from technical services to nursing表示“从技术服务到看护等行业”。②破折号后的内容是对being on-call的解释说明，that is意为“就是说，换言之”；not…but…表示“不是……而是……”，引出平行结构。
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