首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to
admin
2011-01-21
90
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for in- stance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ______.
选项
A、have the lights turned on
B、be rewarded with milk
C、please their parents
D、be praised
答案
A
解析
文中第三段的第四句所表达的意思与A相同,且由“switched on”与题中的“turned on”也能做出正确判断。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/QY3d777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语三级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语三级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Educationisprimarilytheresponsibilityofthestates.Stateconstitutionssetupcertainstandardsandrulesfortheestablis
Educationisprimarilytheresponsibilityofthestates.Stateconstitutionssetupcertainstandardsandrulesfortheestablis
Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalse
HowdidJanespendherdaysbeforeshewentbacktowork?
Manyphrasesusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas"steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding"or"atouchonthebrakes",ma
Manyphrasesusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas"steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding"or"atouchonthebrakes",ma
Humansliketoregardthemselvesasexceptional.Manyphilosophersbelievehumansaretheonly【C1】______whichunderstandsthato
Humansliketoregardthemselvesasexceptional.Manyphilosophersbelievehumansaretheonly【C1】______whichunderstandsthato
Whatarethespeakersdoingastheconversationbegins?
Insomeways,thehumanbodyisbothlikeafurnaceandlikeanengine.Itmusthavefueltoproduceheatasafurnace【C1】______
随机试题
A.细静脉内皮细胞收缩B.仅毛细血管内皮细胞损伤C.毛细血管和小静脉内皮细胞损伤D.细动脉、毛细血管和细静脉内皮细胞均损伤速发持续反应时有
男,72岁,胃癌晚期,给予脂肪乳、氨基等输入。1周后注射部位沿静脉走向出条索状红线,局部组织肿胀、发红,患者诉有疼痛感。为该患者输注脂肪乳和氨基酸的目的是
戊公司是一家以软件研发为主要业务的上市公司,其股票于2017年在我国深圳证券交易所创业板上市交易。戊公司有关资料如下:资料一:X是戊公司下设的一个利润中心,2019年x利润中心的营业收入为600万元,变动成本为400万元,该利润中心负责人可控的固定成本为
Inourcomparison-soakedculture,it’shardtoavoidslippinginto"Whycan’tI"mode.Whenoneofmycolleagues【R1】______Ithin
下列事项中应当制发通知的有()。
根据所给资料,回答下列问题。据中国汽车工业协会统计分析,2013年上半年,中国品牌乘用车共销售356.67万辆,同比增长13.19%,结束上年下降趋势,占乘用车销售总量的41.16%,占有率较上年同期下降0.23个百分点。上半年,德系、日系、美系、韩系和
设为A的特征向量.求a,b及A的所有特征值与特征向量.
在双绞线布线后要进行测试,一般情况,下面(64)不是测试的项目。光纤测试的内容不包括(65)项目。
下面关于USB的叙述中,错误的是()。
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.JuliaandBobfindsomeoftheitemstheyneedA.inBob’spencilcaseandtherecyclingbin.
最新回复
(
0
)