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  3. When we feel stressed, our adrenal glands release a peptide called Cortisol. Our body responds with Cortisol whether it faces ph

When we feel stressed, our adrenal glands release a peptide called Cortisol. Our body responds with Cortisol whether it faces ph

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问题     When we feel stressed, our adrenal glands release a peptide called Cortisol. Our body responds with Cortisol whether it faces physical, environmental, academic, or emotional danger. This triggers a string of physical reactions including depression of the immune system, tensing of the large muscles, blood-clotting, and increasing blood pressure. It’s the perfect response to the unexpected presence of a sable-toothed tiger. But in school, that kind of response leads to problems. Chronically high Cortisol levels lead to the death of brain cells in the hippocampus, which is critical to explicit memory formation.
    These physical changes are significant. Stanford scientist Robert Sapolsky found that atrophy levels in the hippocampus of Vietnam veterans with PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) ranged from 8 to 24 percent above the control group. Chronic stress also impairs a student’s ability to sort out what’s important and what’s not. Jacobs and Nadel (1985) suggest that thinking and memory are affected under stress. The brain’s short-term memory and ability to form long-term memories are inhibited.
    There are other problems. Chronic stress makes students more susceptible to illness. In one study, students showed a depressed immune system at test time; they had lower levels of an important antibody for fighting infection. This may explain the vicious academic cycle; more test stress means more sickness, which means poor health and missed classes, which contribute to lower test scores.
    A stressful physical environment is linked to student failure. Crowded conditions, poor student relationships, and even lighting can matter. Optometrist Ray Gottlieb says that school stress causes vision problems. That in turn impairs academic achievement and self-esteem. He says that, typically, a stressed child will constrict breathing and change how he or she focuses to adapt to the stress. This pattern hurts learning in the short and long run. Under stress, the eyes become more attentive to peripheral areas as a natural way to spot predators first. This makes it nearly impossible to track across a page of print, staying focused on small areas of print.
Which of the following statements is very possibly wrong?
选项 A、People under chronic stress get ill easily.
B、People under chronic stress have more antibody than an average person.
C、The more test stress you have, the lower test scores you might have.
D、Test stress may produce better test scores.
答案B
解析 事实细节题。第三段第二、三句提到，长期压力使学生更易生病，学生在考试期间免疫系统衰退，他们体内一种抗感染的重要抗体减少，由此可知，[A]项正确而[B]项错误，故答案为[B]项。第三段最后一句提到，考试压力越大意味着生病多，生病多意味着健康状况差而缺课多，进而导致考试成绩差，由此可知[C]项正确，故排除。[D]项为强干扰项，文中虽提到考试压力容易导致成绩差，但这并不是绝对的，无法否定考试压力带来好成绩的可能性，而题干问的是“很可能错误的”，故排除[D]项。
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