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  3. It is only natural for leaders to try to make the most of their strengths. The theory of comparative advantage directs people, a

It is only natural for leaders to try to make the most of their strengths. The theory of comparative advantage directs people, a

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问题     It is only natural for leaders to try to make the most of their strengths. The theory of comparative advantage directs people, as well as countries and firms, to focus on what they are good at. Management experts have tended to concur: one of the bestselling business books of recent years is called Now Discover Your Strengths. When business schools(and indeed business columnists)profile bosses, they often assume that more is better. But is this right? Three recent books express some doubts.
    In Fear Your Strengths, Robert Kaplan and Robert Kaiser argue, "what you are best at could be your biggest problem." Forcefulness can become bullying; decisiveness can turn into pigheadedness; niceness can develop into indecision. In From Smart to Wise, Prasad Kaipa and Navi Radjou argue that the strengths that today’s leaders are most likely to overuse are what Americans called "smarts"—the sort of skills managers pick up studying at business school or working in consultancies. In Tipping Sacred Cows, Jake Breeden goes further, arguing that many so-called management virtues are just as likely to be vices in disguise.
    These three books are all valuable exercises in iconoclasm—deliberate destruction of icons. But the trouble with iconoclasm when you apply it to the analysis of leadership is that you can go on forever. Many successful leaders are successful precisely because they push their strengths to the limit. Richard Branson has turned Virgin into a global brand by relentlessly exploiting his two biggest strengths: his ability to take on "big bad wolves"—firms that are overcharging and underserving the public—and his talent for infusing Virgin with a counter-cultural personality.
    Leadership skills are context-dependent. Margaret Thatcher was undoubtedly a nightmare to work for. In 1981 her closest advisers were so angry with her that they produced a memo that criticized her for breaking "every rule of good man-management", including bullying her weaker comrades, criticizing her colleagues in front of officials and refusing to give praise or credit. It warned her that she was "likely to become another failed Tory prime minister sitting with Edward Heath". But her abrasive style was exactly what Britain needed in the 1980s.
    The word that is too often missing from leadership studies is "judgment". Everybody involved in the business is desperate to appear scientific: academics because they want to get research grants and consultants because they want to prove that they are selling something more than just instinct. But judgment is what matters most, and it is hard to measure. It takes judgment to resist getting carried away with one quality(such as decisiveness)or one measure of success(such as the share price). It takes judgment to know when to modulate your virtues and when to pull out all the stops. Unfortunately judgment is in rather shorter supply than leadership versatility indices.
According to Jake Breeden,
选项 A、Americans tend to overuse their strengths.
B、there exist no such things as management virtues.
C、management virtues and vices are interchangeable.
D、management virtues should be closely examined.
答案D
解析 题干问的是Breeden的观点，与第二段最后一句相对应。该句指出在《打倒圣牛》一书中，布雷登更深入发展了之前的观点，指出那些美其名曰的“管理者优点”恰恰可能是伪装成优点的缺点，由此可以推断出优点和伪装成优点的缺点之间很难辨别，我们需要认真辨别优点和缺点。
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