2. 外语
  3. "Intelligence" at best is an assumptive construct--the meaning of the word has never been clear. 【61】There is more agreement on

"Intelligence" at best is an assumptive construct--the meaning of the word has never been clear. 【61】There is more agreement on

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问题      "Intelligence" at best is an assumptive construct--the meaning of the word has never been clear. 【61】There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to-it was not designed for such purposes. 【62】To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.
     The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.
     【63】 Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it. 【64】 The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the little child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require" general intelligence". 【65】On the whole such a conclusion can be draw with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possess.
【64】
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答案如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素需是一样的。
解析 这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句，主句中还有一个who引导的定语从句。the first two根据上文还原翻译为“前两个因素”。if从句中被动语态，根据汉语习惯译成主动句为宜。根据汉语的习惯条件从句要前置。
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