首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
admin
2016-12-28
73
问题
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has
cropped up
elsewhere. One study—conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.
Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around £ 1,500 ( $2,850) a year.
That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking "career breaks" to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £4,000 a year more than female ones.
To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr.
Connolly attributes to discrimination.
Besides pay, her study also looked at the "glass-ceiling" effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.
Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.
Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connolly’s study?
选项
A、Pay discrimination between male and female scientists.
B、Fewer resources for research by women scientists.
C、The super qualities possessed by male scientists.
D、The role of analyzing the results of a survey.
答案
A
解析
这是一道细节分析题,测试考生准确理解分析原文细节信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源在首段尾句和第二段的首句。第一段尾句(即全文的中心主旨句)中所提到的“a much larger study”所指代的就是从第二段至尾段作者所详细阐述的萨拉·康纳利(Dr.Connolly)的研究,其研究发现就是第一段尾句中所谈到的“歧视在英国大学男女科学家收入差距的问题上起着作用”。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是A。考生在阅读时要注意捕捉全文中心主旨句以及各段落之间的关系。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/QkoZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Theyareregardedaschoresbybothsexes,butfalldisproportionatelyononlyone.ThelatestsurveyoftimeuseinAmericasug
Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousnaturalweaponsinthestrugglefor【C1】______intheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfult
Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousnaturalweaponsinthestrugglefor【C1】______intheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfult
Whenaskedspecificallyaboutthecreativeprocess,Dr.Schutzexplainedthatfearismostresponsibleforblockingthecreativi
Whenaskedspecificallyaboutthecreativeprocess,Dr.Schutzexplainedthatfearismostresponsibleforblockingthecreativi
Whenaskedspecificallyaboutthecreativeprocess,Dr.Schutzexplainedthatfearismostresponsibleforblockingthecreativi
Inrecentdecades,scientistshavebecomeincreasinglyawareoftheparttheobserver【C1】______inthescientificprocess.Inthe
TheEconomistcalculatesthataroundtheworldalmost290million15-to24-year-oldsareneitherworkingnorstudying:almosta
TheEconomistcalculatesthataroundtheworldalmost290million15-to24-year-oldsareneitherworkingnorstudying:almosta
随机试题
超过有效期的药品是所标明的适应证或者功能主治超出规定范围的药品是
我国三家政策性银行成立的时间是()
中国走和平发展道路的自信和自觉,来源于()
输卵管妊娠需与哪些疾病鉴别
儿童白血病在儿童肿瘤中发病占
毛果芸香碱对眼睛的作用为
股份转让公司的股份必须按照有关规定重新确认、登记和托管后方可进行股份转让,这些工作由()负责办理。
小张与小李签订一份古董手表的买卖合同,约定小张先支付货款,三日后小李交付古董手表。小张按时交款,小李却迟迟不交付手表。小张几次三番要求小李交付手表,并给予10日宽限期。小李仍然无动于衷,小张决定解除合同。小张解除合同属于()。
材料(大意):赵潇是武大电子信息学院光信息科学与技术专业研究生,然而,就在他踌躇满志准备硕博连读时,母亲不幸患癌症晚期。每月两万元的化疗费用,基本上都是从亲戚那里借来的,如今,他已欠下数万元债务,而接下来的治疗费用也还没有着落。眼见着母亲的身体日
资本的技术构成是指()。
最新回复
(
0
)