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  3. Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its

Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its

admin2012-07-17  51
问题     Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.
    "One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will some times perform two or three of them. "
    Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4 800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.
    There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still (停滞不前). But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.
Adam Smith saw that the division of labor______.
选项 A、enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaply
B、increased the possible output per worker
C、increased the number of people employed in factories
D、improved the quality of pins produced
答案B
解析 根据文章的第二段和第三段，读者可以了解到通过分工合作，工人们能极大地提高产量。因此B项是正确答案。而A项中说工人们能更快更廉价地生产大头针，C项讲劳动分工可以增加工厂雇用的人员数量，以及D项中说劳动分工可以提高生产的大头针的质量，这三点文章中都没有提及，因此都是错误选项，应排除。
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