2. 外语
  3. Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives, until finally, some attack on the body brings our

Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives, until finally, some attack on the body brings our

admin2010-08-07  52
问题      Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives, until finally, some attack on the body brings our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modem industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame.
     Because iii health is universal problem, affecting the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating iii health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution (体系，机构). To the sociologist (社会学家), then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease.
     In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer (治疗者). The latter is typically also the priest (牧师), who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles’ such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modem society.  
The word "authorize" in Paragraph 2 means "______".
选项 A、make way for
B、give power to
C、write an order for
D、make it possible for
答案B
解析 语义题。该词出现在第二段第三句，每个社会对于健康和疾病都有自己的观念，并且给予人们权力来决定谁生病了以及如何给病人治疗。根据该词所跟的宾语看，B符合题意，意思是“给予某人权力”。所以应选B。
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