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  3. Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famin

Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famin

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问题     Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world’s population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
    But that doesn’t have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world — if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.
    Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
    Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearby cropland.
    No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
As indicated in the passage, the water problem_____ .
选项 A、is already serious in certain parts of the world
B、has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C、poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D、is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
答案D
解析 细节推断题。原文第三到五段描述了各级政府对于水资源匮乏应该采取的行动，可推知正是政府对该问题的低估才会有水资源的问题。故答案为D。
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