首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The Complexities of Reading This lecture is the first of six of " The Mysteries of Reading and Writing". We tend to think t
The Complexities of Reading This lecture is the first of six of " The Mysteries of Reading and Writing". We tend to think t
admin
2017-03-20
43
问题
The Complexities of Reading
This lecture is the first of six of " The Mysteries of Reading and
Writing". We tend to think that reading competence increases with practice.
Actually, it is a complex and mysterious process.
I.【T1】______: A story of two Greek boys【T1】______
—Dimitris has learnt to read but doesn’t know the【T2】______in which the【T2】______
letter is written.
—Gregoris is【T3】______, but is familiar with the local vernacular.【T3】______
—The result is that the reading process【T4】______the two boys’ efforts.【T4】______
II. The different process of learning speaking and reading
—both specific to human species
—talking or speaking can be learnt【T5】______【T5】______
—exposed to a linguistic environment
—engaged in linguistic exchanges
—following【T6】______【T6】______
—reading, to be learnt "formally"
—can’t be acquired by spending time with written material
—must be "taught" and【T7】______, either in one’s childhood or later【T7】______
—tragedy: roughly 20% of the global【T8】______being illiterate【T8】______
—some exceptions in【T9】______: Marcel Pagnol’s La Gloire de mon pere【T9】______
(My Father’s Glory)
III. Reading is the result of a patient【T10】______【T10】______
—learning to make sense of words, then sentences, finally the
"【T11】______" of a text【T11】______
—learning to understand the【T12】______of the text: "befores" and【T12】______
"afters" , cause and effect, or finality
—learning to understand the usage of pronouns and【T13】______【T13】______
—being fortunate for us to have learnt the reading skill
IV. About the next lecture:【T14】______【T14】______
—explore a range of images of readers
—ask them about【T15】______of reading【T15】______
【T1】
The Complexities of Reading
Good morning, everyone, welcome to my lecture. This is the first of six lectures which I’ve entitled "The Mysteries of Reading and Writing". Tonight I’d like to open the subject up by asking a series of questions and suggesting possible answers to some of them. The answers to other questions will emerge during the course of later lectures. Or at least that’s the plan.
We take reading for granted. Once we’ve gained basic literacy, our competence increases with practice and we don’t think much about it until we attempt to help someone else to learn to read. Then we’re struck by what a long and difficult process learning to read is. And indeed how difficult it is to define. In France, in Burgundy, this summer I was struck by a sign directing people to a " Station de lecture du paysage"—A Post for Reading the Landscape.
Reading is also a very complex and in some way mysterious business.
(1)I’d like to tell a little story to illustrate this. Imagine two young Greek boys, playing in the attic of a house in rural Greece. They come across an old chest, and in it, a letter. They persuade each other that it includes instructions as to where to find valuables hidden during the Second World War.(2)One, let’s say Dimitris, has learnt to read but doesn’t know the local dialect in which the letter is written.(3)The other, let’s say Gregoris, is illiterate, but is familiar with the local dialect. Dimitris gazes frustratedly at the words on the page while Gregoris asks impatiently what the letter says. Dimitris starts to " sound out" the words and Gregoris encourages him occasionally correcting a slight mispronunciation.(4 - 1)When Dimitris reaches the end of the letter, Gregoris is able to translate its contents into Modern Greek and they are then both aware of what the letter says.
Now, who has "read" the letter? It can’t be Gregoris, as he is illiterate. Nor can it be Dimitris as he doesn’t know the local dialect.(4-2)So we have to conclude that the reading process has been shared and collaborative.
Reading isn’t simply about " sounding out the letters". Nor can we do it without a certain oral competence in the language we’re reading.
(5)Reading is specific to the human species, like speech, but reading doesn’t follow, or at least not directly, from innate capabilities which are activated simply by spending time with written material. With rare exceptions children learn to speak by being exposed to a linguistic environment and being encouraged into linguistic exchanges.(6)They learn to talk according to a developmental scheme, which is both genetically programmed and geared to the properties of each particular mother tongue.
(7)But reading, as opposed to speaking, has to be learnt "formally". It has to be "taught" and assimilated, either in childhood or later. Without the pedagogy, children remain illiterate.(8)It is a tragedy that there are some 774 million, roughly 20% of the global adult population, illiterate people in the world. I say "a tragedy" because I believe that reading greatly extends our understanding of the world and of ourselves.
(9)That reading has to be taught formally has sometimes been denied, at least in fiction. Edgar Rice Burroughs, in Tarzan, King of the Jungle tells of the young savage child finding a reading primer in the cabin abandoned by an explorer—his father. He does his utmost to make sense of what he calls the " little insects" , the letters, recognising their recurrences and the combinations in which they appear. He teaches himself to read.
In Marcel Pagnol’s La Gloire de mon pere(My Father’s Glory)Pagnol explains how he taught himself, aged just four, to read. He was often left by his mother at the back of the classroom when his mother went shopping. He’d play with a toy and watch his father admiringly. His father assumed that he was amusing himself quietly and paying no attention to his lessons.
(10)Reading is the result of a patient apprenticeship guided by patient teachers. And it’s a complex process.(11)It begins with learning how to make sense of words, then sentences, and finally what we might call the " global meaning" of a text.(12)The apprentice reader has to understand that a text is not simply sentences placed together. Rather there are "befores" and "afters" , and there are relations of cause and effect, or finality, between two events.(13)Without necessarily learning formal grammar, the learner-reader of fiction has to understand that a character first introduced as Catherine, is the same character referred to later on by the pronoun " she" , or the character who reappears as a definite article, followed by a noun, qualified by adjectives, " the pretty little girl" : "Catherine", "she" , and "the pretty little girl" are all the same "character". The more one thinks about reading, the more remarkable it is that it’s a skill that most of us are fortunate enough to have learnt. Because language is a tricky and slippery business.
This evening we considered complexities of reading.(14)In my next lecture, I’d like to consider the reader, as opposed to reading.(15)We’ll be exploring a range of images of readers and asking what they tell us about perceptions of reading. Thanks for your attention.
选项
答案
Illustration
解析
本题考查对重要细节的概括。根据句(1)可知,演讲者通过讲述两个希腊男孩的故事来阐明自己的看法,即阅读是一件复杂而神秘的过程。原文中用的是动词illustrate,但空格处是对这一故事作用的说明,应该使用名词形式,同时注意首字母大写,所以答案为Illustration。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/QxzK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Raisingone’sopenhandwithpalmdowntoone’sthroatmeans"______"inEnglishculture.
IshouldstartbysayingasclearlyasIcanthatIloveantibiotics.RecentlyIhaddinnerwithapediatricianfriend,andshe
HowtoApproachDiscursiveWritingHowtoimprovetheeffectivenessofstudents’writing?Therearesixstageswhichshouldbe
HowtoApproachDiscursiveWritingHowtoimprovetheeffectivenessofstudents’writing?Therearesixstageswhichshouldbe
Thereareseveralpossiblerelationshipsbetweenlanguageandsociety.Oneiswhatsocialstructuremayeitherinfluenceordete
Noyoungmanstartinglifecouldhavebettercapitalthanplentyoffriends.Theywillstrengthenhiscredit,supporthimineve
Ifpeoplemeananythingatallbytheexpression"untimelydeath",theymustbelievethatsomedeathsrunonabetterschedule
A、Muchofherinformationwasnotcorrect.B、Whatshesaidwascompletelywrong.C、Itwasquiteinteresting.D、Herwordswereve
(1)LastmonthHansenTransmissionsInternational,amakerofgearboxesforwindturbines,waslistedontheLondonStockExchang
(1)Governmentscientistslistedformaldehyde(甲醛)asaCarcinogen,substancethatproducescancer,andsaiditisfoundinworriso
随机试题
甲公司向乙银行贷款,以其所有的一栋大楼设定抵押担保,双方办理了房屋抵押登记。后甲公司为担保支付丙公司货款,以该栋大楼占用范围的建设用地使用权设定抵押担保,双方签订了建设用地使用权抵押合同,但未办理登记。因甲公司无力还款和支付到期货款,乙银行和丙公司分别主张
下列关于桥梁伸缩装置试件描述,正确的有()。
在借贷记账法下,“借”和“贷”只是记账符号,至于表示增加还是减少,取决于账户的结构。()
机器的装配过程包括( )。
银行业自律的基本原则有()。
核心资本包括实收资本或普通股、()。
材料2020年一季度,我国农林牧渔业实现总产值18193亿元,比上年同期增加2915亿元。2018年一季度至2020年一季度我国农、林、牧、渔业总产值情况见下表。下列图形能反映2018年一季度至2020年一季度牧业总产值变动态
甲因绑架罪被判处有期徒刑12年。入狱后,甲认真遵守监规,接受教育改造,确有悔改表现。根据刑法规定,对甲应如何处理?()
下列Applet实现在窗口中按右对齐方式摆放三个单选按钮。选择正确的语句填入下面横线处。importjava.applet.Applet;importjava.awt.*;public
已知Value是一个类,value是Value的一个对象。下列以非成员函数形式重载的运算符函数原型中,正确的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)