首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the
Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the
admin
2012-03-23
41
问题
Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain’s physical deterioration.
It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.
"That may seem like bad news," said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to with stand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.
The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.
Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.
"Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage," Coffey said. " People lose (on average) 2. 5 percent decade starting at adulthood. "
There is, however, a "remarkable range" of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.
In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.
Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1. 77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.
For example, Coffey’s team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling.
Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someone’s mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be "a proxy for many things". More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health. But Coffey said that his team’s findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise. " The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage)," he said. "My hunch is that we can. "
According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.
"A hot topic down the road," Coffey said, "will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline. "
Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown, In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with morn education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.
Which of the following statements is true?
选项
A、The brain of an adult person shrinks 2. 5% every 10 years.
B、The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 8 years of education may have increased by 17. 7 millimeters.
C、The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 16 years of education may increase by 10%.
D、The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.
答案
A
解析
事实细节题,问四个陈述中哪个是正确的。题干中没有任何一点定位信息,所以我们根据选项中的关键词回原文定位,首先根据选项A“成年人的大脑每十年萎缩10%”中的关键词“10 years”找到原文中的关键词decade 找到第六段的句子“People lose (on average) 2. 5 percent.decade starting at adulthood.人们成年后每10年减少2. 5%,” 句意与A的内容完全一致,故选定A为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/R2iO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Mentalhealthprofessionalmaybesurprisedtodiscoverhowmuchishappeningonlinetodayinthehealthcarefield.Workingclos
Mentalhealthprofessionalmaybesurprisedtodiscoverhowmuchishappeningonlinetodayinthehealthcarefield.Workingclos
WhichofthefollowingisNOTamasterpieceofWilliamFaulkner?
Canada’sEducationSystemTheCanadiangovernmentprovides【1】publiceducationforallstudentsfromKindergartentoGrade12.
Canada’sEducationSystemTheCanadiangovernmentprovides【1】publiceducationforallstudentsfromKindergartentoGrade12.
Canada’sEducationSystemTheCanadiangovernmentprovides【1】publiceducationforallstudentsfromKindergartentoGrade12.
A、horizontalrowsB、verticalrowsC、diagonalrowsD、squaresB
LanguageFamiliesAllofthelanguageswithinalanguagefamilyare【1】andallofthemhaveasimilarhistory.Let’stakeabr
LanguageFamiliesAllofthelanguageswithinalanguagefamilyare【1】andallofthemhaveasimilarhistory.Let’stakeabr
WhichofthefollowingisNOTMarkTwain’sworks?
随机试题
湖南某县村民何某、张某等3人从某市矿务局工厂购回3.32吨装白砒灰的塑料编织袋,并以每吨1200元的价格卖给村民秦某、田某等3人。秦某等3人随即请来帮工将袋子在屋前的小渠中漂洗,在晒谷坪上晾晒。袋中的白砒灰随之进入空气和水中,造成一镇一乡、63个村、12个
最易引起大出血的消化性溃疡发生在
毒理学试验中溶剂的选择原则主要有以下几条,除了
某企业签订进料加工复出口货物合同,2018年8月进口料件到岸价格折合人民币300万元,海关征收关税45万元,当月将部分完工产品出口,FOB价折合人民币400万元,该企业进料加工计划分配率为70%,完工产品内销时适用的增值税征税率为16%,退税率为13%,则
甲公司与乙公司4月订立买卖合同,约定甲公司5月1日发货,乙公司7月8日前付款。根据已知条件判断下列有关说法不正确的是()。
下列陈述呈请性公文不得夹带请示事项的有()。
小张带了250元钱为公司采购军棋、象棋和围棋。军棋每副11元,象棋每副13元,围棋每副17元。如果他正好将钱用完,那么他最多可以买到多少副棋?
我们随时都处在各种健康“小贴士”狂轰乱炸的包围中。但其实,并非所有的健康建议都有扎实的科学根据来__________。《新科学家》网站近日为我们破除了我们耳熟能详且奉为__________的6大健康“迷信”。依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是:
在法国教育史上,有“技术教育的宪章”之称的法案是()。
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.【C1】______theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasborn,Amer
最新回复
(
0
)