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  3. For the past several years, the Sunday Newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn". People are invite

For the past several years, the Sunday Newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn". People are invite

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问题     For the past several years, the Sunday Newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn". People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old ; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100)as, what’ s the difference between love and fondness ? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence ? It’ s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
    Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart ? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields ?
    The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms : the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales(both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists , although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’ s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test(SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
    Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing ? " Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’ s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
We can conclude from the last paragraph that
选项 A、test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’ s ability
B、IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.
C、testing involves a lot of guesswork.
D、traditional tests are out of date.
答案A
解析 文章主题方向归纳题，主要考查考生对文章最后一段的理解。文章最后一段的大意是：有人认为这类测试不能对一个人能否在学业或生活上取得成功作出评估，传统的智力测验能够很好的测出一个人分析问题的能力和语言表达能力，但却不能测出他的创造力和实践知识。而且，一旦人群和情况发生变化，智力测验的预测力就会减弱。研究表明：在压力不大的情况下，智力测验能够预测一个人的领导才能，但是如果在压力大的情况下来测，测出的会是完全相反的结果。那些经历过大学入学考试的人可以作证：应试技巧也很重要，如：知道何时可以做出猜测，哪些问题可以略过。这段文字的一个核心就是：智力测验的结果不一定可靠。选项A正是这个意思。选项B、C、D均不符合本段的意思。
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