2. 医学
  3. Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Ma

Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Ma

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问题 Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers all the major points of the article.
                                                未来医学发展的方向
    人类疾病谱由传染性疾病为主过渡为以慢性身心性疾病为主。生物医学模式对当前神经精神疾病、心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等多种人类重大致死性身心疾病束手无策。且无限地追求高科技的应用，造成医疗费用无限升高。20世纪末，全球医学界对医学现状进行了大讨论，医学发展方向应该由以治病为目的的对高科技的无限追求，转向预防疾病与损伤，维持和提高健康水平。
    我国香山科学会议第422次学术讨论会的主题是“应激与应激医学：生物学基础与疾病控制”。与会专家认为，目前生态环境不断恶化，生活方式急剧变化，社会竞争压力显著增加，人类面临着越来越复杂、越来越强烈的“应激负荷”。长时间高强度的生理和心理应激负荷将导致机体应激反应能力耗竭，引起多种类型的应激性损伤，诱导和促进了’神经精神疾病、心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等多种人类重大致死性疾病的发生、发展。应激医学将为新时期我国重大疾病控制提供新的医学支撑。
    未来医学发展方向将是应激医学。
    什么是应激医学?
    应激医学使人们对威胁人类健康的病因认识，从微生物扩展到人类生活的自然环境和社会环境及宇宙环境的大背景，从物质层面扩展到精神层面。应激医学揭示了健康与疾病转化过程，使人们对健康与疾病的转化及疾病康复过程的认识更加深化。应激医学揭示了神经、内分泌、免疫系统在维持健康和疾病发生、发展过程中的作用，使人们对人类病因的认识，从微生物扩展到生活环境和宇宙的大背景，从物质层面扩展到精神的思维认知层面。应激医学是社会-心理-生物医学模式的医学体系。
    应激医学的特点
    应激医学使人们对导致机体发生疾病的原因有了更加广泛的认识，不光有形的物质能使机体发生疾病，无形的精神认知和情绪的变化也能使机体发生疾病甚至死亡。应激医学揭示了身心性疾病的发生、发展过程与其他应激源引起的应激反应机制相同，都是由神经-内分泌-免疫网络系统参与其中。应激反应是机体调节自身机能状态的保护性机制，任何疾病的发生、发展，都伴随应激反应过程，应激反应甚至决定疾病的转归结局。
    中医治疗的疾病实际上就是各种各样的应激反应，可以说中医是一个关于应激医学的医学体系。中医学借助应激医学的成果，重新构架自己的理论体系，把中医药理论体系构建在生命物质的基础之上，成为真正令人信服的医学科学体系，是中医学也是21世纪医学发展的必由之路。
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答案 Future Medical Development Current biomedical models seem helpless when confronted with such fatal chronic mental and physical diseases as cardiovascular problems and cancers. The unlimited medical costs caused by improper high-tech treatments are also pressing. From world-wide professionals’ perspectives, the direction of medical development should turn to preventing diseases and injuries, and maintaining and improving health. Stress medicine will provide new medical support for the control of major diseases in China in the new period. So what is the stress medicine? Stress medicine is a medical system of social-psychological-biomedical model, which enables people to understand the cause of human diseases, both from microbes to the living environment and the universe, and from physical to mental aspects. Stress medicine finds out that the process of the development of diseases is the same as that caused by other stresses. They are all involved in the neuro-endocrine-immune network system. The occurrence and development of any disease are accompanied by stress response. Stress response is not only the protective mechanism of the body to regulate the functional state, but also determines the outcome of the disease in some cases. Stress medicine can help Chinese medical medical system re-structure its own theoretical system which is built on the basis of the materiality of life. It is the only way for Chinese medicine to develop further in the 21st century.
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